respiratory viruses Flashcards
common respiratory viruses
adenovirus parvovirus measles (paramyxovirus) influenza (orthomyxo) rhinovirus coronavirus
clinical manifestations of influenza
abrupt onset of fever and chills sore throat dry cough clear runny nose body/headaches
what is not common with the flu?
vomiting and diarrhea
influenza treatments
neuraminidase inhibitors (end in -amivir) -oseltamivir, zanamivir cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors
RSV symptoms
typically presents as a common cold in healthy adults
what are two causes of viral pneumonia?
- flu
2. RSV
RSV treatments
ribavirin
Palivizumab (mab used for prevention)
what is in a trivalent flu vaccine?
influenza A H1N1
H3N2
influenza B strains
characteristics of respiratory viruses
readily transmissible
human nature favors their transmission
the common cold virus
rhino and coronaviruses
symptoms of common cold
rhinitis sore throat otitis media cough malaise, chills headache low grade fever or afebrile
cold treatments
anti-histamines anti-cholinergics NSAIDs decongestants cough suppressants
bronchitis
inflammation of large and medium sized airways without evidence for pneumonia
bronchitis presentation
dry cough
afebrile of low grade fever
nasal congestion
rhinitis
how do you diagnose bronchitis?
good history and physical exam
bronchitis treatment
NO ABX focus on symptoms NSAIDS antihistamine bronchodilators
pharyngitis clinical presentation
sore throat
nasal congestion
red flags= severe odynaphagia and significant drooling
two types of pharyngitis
exudative (group A, C and G strep. adenovirus, EBV, diphtheria, HIV, gonorrhea)
vesicles/ulceration (HSV and coxsackie)
pharyngitis infectious etiology
bacterial or viral
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx leading to hoarse voice
caused by respiratory viruses
self resolves
croup
inflammation of larynx/trachea (laryngotracheitis)
symptoms of croup
stridor, hoarseness and coughing
seen in age 3 mo to 3 yrs
infectious etiology of croup
parainfluenza 1>3>2
influenza
RSC
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
croup complications
tachypnea
increased work of breathing
respiratory failure
radiological signs of croup
steeple sign
inflamed epiglottis
croup treatment
supportive care (cool mist) oral dexamethasone
bronchiolitis
inflammation of small bronchi and bronchioles, sparing the alveoli
causes necrosis and sloughing of respiratory epithelium
bronchiolitis symptoms
diffuse wheezing respiratory crackles cough fever URI sx <2 yrs old increased work of breathing
bronchiolitis etiology
RSC
parainfluenza
influenza
bronchiolitis treatment
supportive care
supplemental oxygen
albuterol
NO ABX
respiratory virus transmission
physical contact (direct or indirect)
droplet
airborne
children as vectors
adenovirus precautions
contact and droplet
non enveloped viruses travel better at what temperature?
low temp and low humidity
