respiratory viruses

Question 1

common respiratory viruses

Answer 1

adenovirus
parvovirus
measles (paramyxovirus)
influenza (orthomyxo)
rhinovirus
coronavirus

Question 2

clinical manifestations of influenza

Answer 2

abrupt onset of fever and chills
sore throat
dry cough
clear runny nose
body/headaches

Question 3

what is not common with the flu?

Answer 3

vomiting and diarrhea

Question 4

influenza treatments

Answer 4

neuraminidase inhibitors (end in -amivir)
-oseltamivir, zanamivir
cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors

Question 5

RSV symptoms

Answer 5

typically presents as a common cold in healthy adults

Question 6

what are two causes of viral pneumonia?

Answer 6

1. flu

2. RSV

Question 7

RSV treatments

Answer 7

ribavirin

Palivizumab (mab used for prevention)

Question 8

what is in a trivalent flu vaccine?

Answer 8

influenza A H1N1
H3N2
influenza B strains

Question 9

characteristics of respiratory viruses

Answer 9

readily transmissible

human nature favors their transmission

Question 10

the common cold virus

Answer 10

rhino and coronaviruses

Question 11

symptoms of common cold

Answer 11

rhinitis
sore throat
otitis media
cough
malaise, chills
headache
low grade fever or afebrile

Question 12

cold treatments

Answer 12

anti-histamines
anti-cholinergics
NSAIDs
decongestants
cough suppressants

Question 13

bronchitis

Answer 13

inflammation of large and medium sized airways without evidence for pneumonia

Question 14

bronchitis presentation

Answer 14

dry cough
afebrile of low grade fever
nasal congestion
rhinitis

Question 15

how do you diagnose bronchitis?

Answer 15

good history and physical exam

Question 16

bronchitis treatment

Answer 16

NO ABX
focus on symptoms
NSAIDS
antihistamine
bronchodilators

Question 17

pharyngitis clinical presentation

Answer 17

sore throat
nasal congestion
red flags= severe odynaphagia and significant drooling

Question 18

two types of pharyngitis

Answer 18

exudative (group A, C and G strep. adenovirus, EBV, diphtheria, HIV, gonorrhea)

vesicles/ulceration (HSV and coxsackie)

Question 19

pharyngitis infectious etiology

Answer 19

bacterial or viral

Question 20

laryngitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the larynx leading to hoarse voice
caused by respiratory viruses
self resolves

Question 21

croup

Answer 21

inflammation of larynx/trachea (laryngotracheitis)

Question 22

symptoms of croup

Answer 22

stridor, hoarseness and coughing

seen in age 3 mo to 3 yrs

Question 23

infectious etiology of croup

Answer 23

parainfluenza 1>3>2
influenza
RSC
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 24

croup complications

Answer 24

tachypnea
increased work of breathing
respiratory failure

Question 25

radiological signs of croup

Answer 25

steeple sign

inflamed epiglottis

Question 26

croup treatment

Answer 26

supportive care (cool mist)
oral dexamethasone

Question 27

bronchiolitis

Answer 27

inflammation of small bronchi and bronchioles, sparing the alveoli
causes necrosis and sloughing of respiratory epithelium

Question 28

bronchiolitis symptoms

Answer 28

diffuse wheezing
respiratory crackles
cough fever URI sx
<2 yrs old
increased work of breathing

Question 29

bronchiolitis etiology

Answer 29

RSC
parainfluenza
influenza

Question 30

bronchiolitis treatment

Answer 30

supportive care
supplemental oxygen
albuterol
NO ABX

Question 31

respiratory virus transmission

Answer 31

physical contact (direct or indirect)
droplet
airborne
children as vectors

Question 32

adenovirus precautions

Answer 32

contact and droplet

Question 33

non enveloped viruses travel better at what temperature?

Answer 33

low temp and low humidity