respiratory viruses Flashcards

1
Q

common respiratory viruses

A
adenovirus
parvovirus
measles (paramyxovirus)
influenza (orthomyxo)
rhinovirus
coronavirus
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2
Q

clinical manifestations of influenza

A
abrupt onset of fever and chills
sore throat
dry cough
clear runny nose
body/headaches
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3
Q

what is not common with the flu?

A

vomiting and diarrhea

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4
Q

influenza treatments

A
neuraminidase inhibitors (end in -amivir)
-oseltamivir, zanamivir
cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors
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5
Q

RSV symptoms

A

typically presents as a common cold in healthy adults

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6
Q

what are two causes of viral pneumonia?

A
  1. flu

2. RSV

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7
Q

RSV treatments

A

ribavirin

Palivizumab (mab used for prevention)

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8
Q

what is in a trivalent flu vaccine?

A

influenza A H1N1
H3N2
influenza B strains

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9
Q

characteristics of respiratory viruses

A

readily transmissible

human nature favors their transmission

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10
Q

the common cold virus

A

rhino and coronaviruses

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11
Q

symptoms of common cold

A
rhinitis
sore throat
otitis media
cough
malaise, chills
headache
low grade fever or afebrile
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12
Q

cold treatments

A
anti-histamines
anti-cholinergics
NSAIDs
decongestants
cough suppressants
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13
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of large and medium sized airways without evidence for pneumonia

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14
Q

bronchitis presentation

A

dry cough
afebrile of low grade fever
nasal congestion
rhinitis

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15
Q

how do you diagnose bronchitis?

A

good history and physical exam

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16
Q

bronchitis treatment

A
NO ABX
focus on symptoms
NSAIDS
antihistamine
bronchodilators
17
Q

pharyngitis clinical presentation

A

sore throat
nasal congestion
red flags= severe odynaphagia and significant drooling

18
Q

two types of pharyngitis

A

exudative (group A, C and G strep. adenovirus, EBV, diphtheria, HIV, gonorrhea)

vesicles/ulceration (HSV and coxsackie)

19
Q

pharyngitis infectious etiology

A

bacterial or viral

20
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx leading to hoarse voice
caused by respiratory viruses
self resolves

21
Q

croup

A

inflammation of larynx/trachea (laryngotracheitis)

22
Q

symptoms of croup

A

stridor, hoarseness and coughing

seen in age 3 mo to 3 yrs

23
Q

infectious etiology of croup

A

parainfluenza 1>3>2
influenza
RSC
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

24
Q

croup complications

A

tachypnea
increased work of breathing
respiratory failure

25
radiological signs of croup
steeple sign | inflamed epiglottis
26
croup treatment
``` supportive care (cool mist) oral dexamethasone ```
27
bronchiolitis
inflammation of small bronchi and bronchioles, sparing the alveoli causes necrosis and sloughing of respiratory epithelium
28
bronchiolitis symptoms
``` diffuse wheezing respiratory crackles cough fever URI sx <2 yrs old increased work of breathing ```
29
bronchiolitis etiology
RSC parainfluenza influenza
30
bronchiolitis treatment
supportive care supplemental oxygen albuterol NO ABX
31
respiratory virus transmission
physical contact (direct or indirect) droplet airborne children as vectors
32
adenovirus precautions
contact and droplet
33
non enveloped viruses travel better at what temperature?
low temp and low humidity