respiratory physiology

Question 1

PaO2

Answer 1

partial pressure of dissolved oxygen

Question 2

SaO2

Answer 2

arterial oxygen saturation

how much of the hemoglobin is bound by oxygen

Question 3

CaO2

Answer 3

arterial content of oxygen-how much oxygen is present for dL of blood
(also equal to oxygen bound to hemoglobin + oxygen dissolved in blood)

Question 4

what factors lead to increased ventilation?

Answer 4

increased P CO2
decreased pH
decreased PO2

Question 5

what controls automatic breathing?

Answer 5

medulla

Question 6

peripheral chemoreceptor function

Answer 6

short term, transient responses

Question 7

peripheral chemoreceptors location

Answer 7

common carotid bifurcation

above and below aortic arch

Question 8

what sets the rhythmicity of breathing?

Answer 8

medulla (pacemaker of the lungs)

Question 9

central chemoreceptors function

Answer 9

establish resting and long-term response to PaCO2

Question 10

central chemoreceptor locaiton

Answer 10

near ventral surface of the medulla

Question 11

what is responsible for inspiration and expiration switching?

Answer 11

pons

Question 12

bronchiectasis

Answer 12

permanently dilated airways, chronic bronchial inflammation leading to inappropriate clearance of organisms and recurrent infections in the airways

Question 13

how does cigarette smoking disrupt host defenses?

Answer 13

paralyzes ciliary function
impairs mobility of macrophages and neutrophils
excessive production of mucus
injuring epithelium

Question 14

ventilation

Answer 14

the process of getting into and out of the alveoli, where the air can participate in gas exchange

Question 15

tidal volume

Answer 15

Vt, the amount of air inhaled during quiet resting breathing (0.5-0.7L)

Question 16

minute ventilation

Answer 16

VE, tidal volume x respiratory rate

how much air you move in and out of lungs each minute

Question 17

anatomic dead space

Answer 17

volume of air that moves in and out of the conducting airways not participating in gas exchange

Question 18

physiologic dead space

Answer 18

functional measure of the efficiency of the lung in eliminating CO2

Question 19

in what region is ventilation the greatest in and why?

Answer 19

the lung base

there is increased pressure due to the weight of the lung and more compliant alveoli (bball net)

Question 20

perfusion

Answer 20

blood flow to the lungs