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Respiratory system > Respiratory tract Histology > Flashcards

Respiratory tract Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the olfaction in the nasal cavity and where does it extend down

A

Roof of nasal cavity, extending down septum and lateral wall

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2
Q

What type of epithelial cells is the olfaction lined with?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium of olfactory receptor cells

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3
Q

What neurons run in the epithelium of the olfaction

A

Bipolar Neurons

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4
Q

What do the dendrites of the bipolar neurons become at the surface of the epithelial cells

A

Club shaped ciliated olfactory vesicles

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5
Q

Functions of nasopharynx(4)

A

Gas transport
humidification
warming
olfaction

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6
Q

Functions of Nasal sinus (3)

A

Lower weight of skull
Resonance to voice
Humidify and warm inspired air

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7
Q

What is the larynx made up of

A

Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

Function of The Larynx

A

Voice production

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9
Q

What lies below the epithelial cells of the larynx

A

Loose fibro collagenous stroma and seromucinous glands

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10
Q

What fibrous connective tissue lines the cartilage of the Larynx

A

Perichondrium

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11
Q

What epithelium are the Vocal cords lined by

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

Loose fibrous tissue overlaid by epithelium

A

Reinke’s space

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12
Q

Are there lymphatics in the vocal cords?

A

no (almost)

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13
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the (1) front and (2) back of nostril

A

(1) Keratinising squamous epithelium
(2) Non-Keratinising squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What epithelium is the Nasal Cavity lined with

A

Respiratory epithelium

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15
Q

What does the connective tissue in the nose contain

A

Sermucinous glands and a rich network of blood vessels

16
Q

What type of epithelium lines the tubular portion of the respiratory system

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified epithelial cells, with interspersed goblet cells

17
Q

What supports the Trachea

A

Hyaline cartilage

18
Q

Layers of trachea (4)

A

Respiratory epithelium
Submucosa
C-shaped ring of Hyaline cartilage (surrounded by preichodrium)
Adventitia

19
Q

What do seromucinous glands produce

A

Snot or catarrh

20
Q

What joins the Gap of hyaline cartilage in the trachea

A

Trachealis Muscle (smooth)

21
Q

What different histological structures do the trachea and bronchi have

A

None (they’re the same)

22
Q

Respiratory epithelium of bronchioles

A

Ciliated Columnar epithelium (still respiratory epithlieum)

23
Q

What types of cells are goblet cells replaced by in the bronchioles

A

Clara cells

24
Q

appearance of Clara cells cytoplasm on h&e stains

A

Clear

25
Q

What structures are the last of the conducting airways

A

Terminal Bronchioles

26
Q

First structure of distal respiratory tract

A

Respiratory bronchioles

27
Q

Epithelium of the respiratory bronchioles

A

Cuboidal ciliated epithelium

28
Q

How large are Alveoli in diameter

A

250 micrometers

29
Q

What types of cells line the alveolar wall

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

30
Q

% of Cell population : % of SA (Type 1 pneumocytes)

A

40:90

31
Q

Extracellular structure of type 1 pneumocytes

A

Flattened cells and flattened nucleus with few organelles

32
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes general structure

A

Rounded cells and rounded nucleus, many mitochondria , many SER and RER,

33
Q

What do pneumocytes produce

A

Surfactant (lowering surface tension0

34
Q

Phagocytic cells found in alveoli

A

Alveolar macrophages

35
Q

What do Alveolar macrophages do

A

Phagocytose particulates including dust and bacteria

36
Q

What is the blood-air barrier made up of

A

Type 1 pneumocyte and endothelia cell of capillary

37
Q

How do Alveolar Macrophages leave the Alveoli

A

Via lymphatics or via mucociliary escalator

38
Q
A

Respiratory system (4 decks)

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