Respiratory tract Histology Flashcards
Where is the olfaction in the nasal cavity and where does it extend down
Roof of nasal cavity, extending down septum and lateral wall
What type of epithelial cells is the olfaction lined with?
Pseudostratified epithelium of olfactory receptor cells
What neurons run in the epithelium of the olfaction
Bipolar Neurons
What do the dendrites of the bipolar neurons become at the surface of the epithelial cells
Club shaped ciliated olfactory vesicles
Functions of nasopharynx(4)
Gas transport
humidification
warming
olfaction
Functions of Nasal sinus (3)
Lower weight of skull
Resonance to voice
Humidify and warm inspired air
What is the larynx made up of
Hyaline cartilage
Function of The Larynx
Voice production
What lies below the epithelial cells of the larynx
Loose fibro collagenous stroma and seromucinous glands
What fibrous connective tissue lines the cartilage of the Larynx
Perichondrium
What epithelium are the Vocal cords lined by
Stratified squamous epithelium
Loose fibrous tissue overlaid by epithelium
Reinke’s space
Are there lymphatics in the vocal cords?
no (almost)
What type of epithelium is found in the (1) front and (2) back of nostril
(1) Keratinising squamous epithelium
(2) Non-Keratinising squamous epithelium
What epithelium is the Nasal Cavity lined with
Respiratory epithelium
What does the connective tissue in the nose contain
Sermucinous glands and a rich network of blood vessels
What type of epithelium lines the tubular portion of the respiratory system
Ciliated Pseudostratified epithelial cells, with interspersed goblet cells
What supports the Trachea
Hyaline cartilage
Layers of trachea (4)
Respiratory epithelium
Submucosa
C-shaped ring of Hyaline cartilage (surrounded by preichodrium)
Adventitia
What do seromucinous glands produce
Snot or catarrh
What joins the Gap of hyaline cartilage in the trachea
Trachealis Muscle (smooth)
What different histological structures do the trachea and bronchi have
None (they’re the same)
Respiratory epithelium of bronchioles
Ciliated Columnar epithelium (still respiratory epithlieum)
What types of cells are goblet cells replaced by in the bronchioles
Clara cells
appearance of Clara cells cytoplasm on h&e stains
Clear
What structures are the last of the conducting airways
Terminal Bronchioles
First structure of distal respiratory tract
Respiratory bronchioles
Epithelium of the respiratory bronchioles
Cuboidal ciliated epithelium
How large are Alveoli in diameter
250 micrometers
What types of cells line the alveolar wall
Type 1 pneumocytes
% of Cell population : % of SA (Type 1 pneumocytes)
40:90
Extracellular structure of type 1 pneumocytes
Flattened cells and flattened nucleus with few organelles
Type 2 pneumocytes general structure
Rounded cells and rounded nucleus, many mitochondria , many SER and RER,
What do pneumocytes produce
Surfactant (lowering surface tension0
Phagocytic cells found in alveoli
Alveolar macrophages
What do Alveolar macrophages do
Phagocytose particulates including dust and bacteria
What is the blood-air barrier made up of
Type 1 pneumocyte and endothelia cell of capillary
How do Alveolar Macrophages leave the Alveoli
Via lymphatics or via mucociliary escalator
