Respiratory tract Histology

Question 1

Where is the olfaction in the nasal cavity and where does it extend down

Answer 1

Roof of nasal cavity, extending down septum and lateral wall

Question 2

What type of epithelial cells is the olfaction lined with?

Answer 2

Pseudostratified epithelium of olfactory receptor cells

Question 3

What neurons run in the epithelium of the olfaction

Answer 3

Bipolar Neurons

Question 4

What do the dendrites of the bipolar neurons become at the surface of the epithelial cells

Answer 4

Club shaped ciliated olfactory vesicles

Question 5

Functions of nasopharynx(4)

Answer 5

Gas transport
humidification
warming
olfaction

Question 6

Functions of Nasal sinus (3)

Answer 6

Lower weight of skull
Resonance to voice
Humidify and warm inspired air

Question 7

What is the larynx made up of

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage

Question 8

Function of The Larynx

Answer 8

Voice production

Question 9

What lies below the epithelial cells of the larynx

Answer 9

Loose fibro collagenous stroma and seromucinous glands

Question 10

What fibrous connective tissue lines the cartilage of the Larynx

Answer 10

Perichondrium

Question 11

What epithelium are the Vocal cords lined by

Answer 11

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

Loose fibrous tissue overlaid by epithelium

Answer 12

Reinke’s space

Question 12

Are there lymphatics in the vocal cords?

Answer 12

no (almost)

Question 13

What type of epithelium is found in the (1) front and (2) back of nostril

Answer 13

(1) Keratinising squamous epithelium
(2) Non-Keratinising squamous epithelium

Question 14

What epithelium is the Nasal Cavity lined with

Answer 14

Respiratory epithelium

Question 15

What does the connective tissue in the nose contain

Answer 15

Sermucinous glands and a rich network of blood vessels

Question 16

What type of epithelium lines the tubular portion of the respiratory system

Answer 16

Ciliated Pseudostratified epithelial cells, with interspersed goblet cells

Question 17

What supports the Trachea

Answer 17

Hyaline cartilage

Question 18

Layers of trachea (4)

Answer 18

Respiratory epithelium
Submucosa
C-shaped ring of Hyaline cartilage (surrounded by preichodrium)
Adventitia

Question 19

What do seromucinous glands produce

Answer 19

Snot or catarrh

Question 20

What joins the Gap of hyaline cartilage in the trachea

Answer 20

Trachealis Muscle (smooth)

Question 21

What different histological structures do the trachea and bronchi have

Answer 21

None (they’re the same)

Question 22

Respiratory epithelium of bronchioles

Answer 22

Ciliated Columnar epithelium (still respiratory epithlieum)

Question 23

What types of cells are goblet cells replaced by in the bronchioles

Answer 23

Clara cells

Question 24

appearance of Clara cells cytoplasm on h&e stains

Answer 24

Clear

Question 25

What structures are the last of the conducting airways

Answer 25

Terminal Bronchioles

Question 26

First structure of distal respiratory tract

Answer 26

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 27

Epithelium of the respiratory bronchioles

Answer 27

Cuboidal ciliated epithelium

Question 28

How large are Alveoli in diameter

Answer 28

250 micrometers

Question 29

What types of cells line the alveolar wall

Answer 29

Type 1 pneumocytes

Question 30

% of Cell population : % of SA (Type 1 pneumocytes)

Answer 30

40:90

Question 31

Extracellular structure of type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 31

Flattened cells and flattened nucleus with few organelles

Question 32

Type 2 pneumocytes general structure

Answer 32

Rounded cells and rounded nucleus, many mitochondria , many SER and RER,

Question 33

What do pneumocytes produce

Answer 33

Surfactant (lowering surface tension0

Question 34

Phagocytic cells found in alveoli

Answer 34

Alveolar macrophages

Question 35

What do Alveolar macrophages do

Answer 35

Phagocytose particulates including dust and bacteria

Question 36

What is the blood-air barrier made up of

Answer 36

Type 1 pneumocyte and endothelia cell of capillary

Question 37

How do Alveolar Macrophages leave the Alveoli

Answer 37

Via lymphatics or via mucociliary escalator