1. Filter inhaled air 2. Trap debris from inhaled air 3. Moisten inhaled air

Respiratory Tract (13) Flashcards by Emma Lin

Functions of the nose

Airway for respiration
Moisten and warm air
Resonating chamber for speech
House olfactory receptors

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Parts of the external nose

Skin (extend into vestibule), Bone cartilage, Root and bridge, Apex, Ala, Nares

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What glands does the external nose contain

Sebaceous

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Skin of the nose is thin at ____, and thicker over ______

Root, cartilages

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Bones of the external nose

Frontal, nasal, maxillary

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Cartilage of the external nose

Hyaline
- alar
- septal

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Size variation of nose due to

Differences in nasal cartilage

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Nasal cavity lined with ____ membrane

Mucous

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What is the nasal cavity divided by

Nasal septum

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Nasal cavity is continuous with

Posterior nasal aperture (choanae) of the nasopharynx

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What is the nasal vestibule

Porch, entryway

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Nasal cavity lined with

Skin, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

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What does the nasal cavity filter

Large particles from inspired air

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What is nasal mucosa

Respiratory epithelium that lines nasal cavity (except vestibule) and paranasal cavity

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What type of epithelium tissue is the nasal mucosa

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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What is the cilia in nasal mucosa

Whiplike, highly motile extensions of apical surface membranes

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What does the goblet cells within the epithelium contain

Mucus

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What is the lamina propria

Loose connective tissue that lies below the respiratory epithelium

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What type of cells does the lamina propria contain

Mucous and serous cells

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How much mucus is produced a day by the nasal glands and goblet cells

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Function of lysozyme in mucus

Enzyme that digests and destroys bacteria

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Function of mucus

Filter inhaled air
Trap debris from inhaled air
Moisten inhaled air

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Contaminated mucus is moved in what direction

Posteriorly to the pharynx by cilia

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What happens to contaminated mucus after being moved

Swallowed and digested by digestive juices in the stomach

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How is air warmed

Vascular plexuses in laminate propria respond to cold air by engorging with warm blood

What does the nasal septum consist of

Ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage

Roof of nasal cavity

Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Parts of nasal conchae

Superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid bone, and the inferior concha

What is the nasal meatus

Groove inferior to each concha

What happens to particulate matter in the nasa concha

Deflected and trapped on mucus coated surfaces

Heat and moisture is reclaimed during

Exhalation

What happens during inhalation

Air is filtered, heated, moistened

Kiesselbach area

What are paranasal sinuses

Ring of air-filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavity

Location of paranasal sinuses

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

What are sinuses lined by

Mucous membrane/respiratory mucosa

What does most sinuses open into

Middle nasal meatus

Rhinitis

Mucosa swollen and inflamed in nasal cavity

Sinusitis

Mucosa swollen and inflamed in paranasal sinus

Pansinusitis

Multiple sinuses are inflamed

What is the pharynx

Funnel shape passageway for both air and food

What three sections is the pharynx divided into

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Pharynx connects the nasal cavity and mouth to larynx _____

Superiorly

Pharynx connects the nasal cavity and mouth to esophagus _____

Inferiorly

What is superior to the nasopharynx

Base of the skull

What is inferior to the nasopharynx

Level of soft palate

Function of the nasopharynx

Air passageway

What happens during swallowing

Uvula reflects superiorly and closes off the nasopharynx

What type of epithelium is the nasopharynx

Ciliated psuedostratified epithelium (respiratory epithelium)

Function of the nasopharynx epithelium

Propels mucus from nasal cavity downward

What is the pharyngeal tonsil

lymphoid organ that destroys entering pathogens in the inhaled air

What is the pharyngotympanic tube

Opening into each lateral wall of the nasopharynx

what is the tubal tonsil

Opening of pharyngotympanic tube, provides some protection from infection

What is the oropharynx

Passageway for both food and air

What is the superior surface of the oropharynx

Soft palate

What is the inferior surface of the oropharynx

Epiglottis

What is the fauces

Archlike entranceway of oropharynx

What epithelium lines the oropharynx

Stratified squamous epithelium

Two kinds of tonsils embedded into the mucosa of the oropharynx

Paired palatine, single lingual

Location of palatine tonsil

Lateral walls of fauces

Location of lingual tonsil

Posterior surface of the tongue

What is the laryngopharynx

Passageway for both food and air

Epithelium of the laryngopharynx

Stratified squamous epithelium

Laryngopharynx continuous with

Esophagus and larynx

Where does laryngopharynx extends to

Inferior boundary of cricoid cartilage

Larynx extends from

4th-6th cervical vertebrae

Larynx anterior to and opens into

Laryngopharynx

Larynx attaches to

Hyoid bone superiorly

Function of larynx

Separate air and food into proper channels

Larynx is continuous with

Inferiorly continuous with trachea

Superior of larynx is ____ during swalllowing, ____ during breathing

Closed, open

During swallowing, the epiglottis

Tips inferiorly

Properties of the epiglottis

Leaf shaped, elastic cartilage

Properties of the thyroid cartilage

Shield shaped, forms Adam’s apple

three pairs of small cartilage in larynx

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Cricoid cartilage

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage

Cricothyrotomy

Extreme emergency cases when airway is obstructed and intubation isn’t possible

The two vocal ligaments of the larynx

Vocal folds, vestibular folds

Properties of vocal folds

Elastic fiber, sound production

Properties of vestibular folds

No role in sound production, enhance high frequency sounds

Rima glottidis

Medial opening between vocal folds

Glottis

Rima glottidis and vocal folds together

What type of reflex does the larynx have?

Cough, to expel substance other than air out

Epithelium of the larynx

Stratified squamous superior to vocal cord Pseudostratified ciliated columnar inferior to vocal cord

Power stroke of the cilia in pseudostratified cilated columnar

Upwards, dust trapping mucus moved superiorly from the lungs to “clear the throat”

The mucosa in vestibule fold is responsible for

Cough reflex

The mucosa in vestibule fold is sensitive to

Foreign subject

What keeps the airway in trachea open

C-shaped cartilage rings

Trachea descends into

Mediastinum from pharynx

Trachealis location

Between open ends of C shaped cartilage rings along length of posterior trachea

Carina

Marks where trachea divines into two primary bronchi

Mucosa lining of carina highly sensitive to

irritants, cough reflex

The cilia in the respiratory epithelium in mucosa of trachea propels

Superiorly

Submucosa contains glands with both serous and mucous cells called

Seomucous glands (produce mucus)

What is the adventitia

External layer of connective tissue consisting of cartilaginous rings, fibroelastic connective tissue connecting rings, trachealis