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Anatomy > Respiratory Tract (13) > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract (13) Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the nose

A
  1. Airway for respiration
  2. Moisten and warm air
  3. Resonating chamber for speech
  4. House olfactory receptors
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2
Q

Parts of the external nose

A

Skin (extend into vestibule), Bone cartilage, Root and bridge, Apex, Ala, Nares

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3
Q

What glands does the external nose contain

A

Sebaceous

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4
Q

Skin of the nose is thin at ____, and thicker over ______

A

Root, cartilages

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5
Q

Bones of the external nose

A

Frontal, nasal, maxillary

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6
Q

Cartilage of the external nose

A

Hyaline
- alar
- septal

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7
Q

Size variation of nose due to

A

Differences in nasal cartilage

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8
Q

Nasal cavity lined with ____ membrane

A

Mucous

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9
Q

What is the nasal cavity divided by

A

Nasal septum

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10
Q

Nasal cavity is continuous with

A

Posterior nasal aperture (choanae) of the nasopharynx

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11
Q

What is the nasal vestibule

A

Porch, entryway

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12
Q

Nasal cavity lined with

A

Skin, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

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13
Q

What does the nasal cavity filter

A

Large particles from inspired air

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14
Q

What is nasal mucosa

A

Respiratory epithelium that lines nasal cavity (except vestibule) and paranasal cavity

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15
Q

What type of epithelium tissue is the nasal mucosa

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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16
Q

What is the cilia in nasal mucosa

A

Whiplike, highly motile extensions of apical surface membranes

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17
Q

What does the goblet cells within the epithelium contain

A

Mucus

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18
Q

What is the lamina propria

A

Loose connective tissue that lies below the respiratory epithelium

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19
Q

What type of cells does the lamina propria contain

A

Mucous and serous cells

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20
Q

How much mucus is produced a day by the nasal glands and goblet cells

A

1L

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21
Q

Function of lysozyme in mucus

A

Enzyme that digests and destroys bacteria

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22
Q

Function of mucus

A
  1. Filter inhaled air
  2. Trap debris from inhaled air
  3. Moisten inhaled air
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23
Q

Contaminated mucus is moved in what direction

A

Posteriorly to the pharynx by cilia

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24
Q

What happens to contaminated mucus after being moved

A

Swallowed and digested by digestive juices in the stomach

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25
Q

How is air warmed

A

Vascular plexuses in laminate propria respond to cold air by engorging with warm blood

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26
Q

What does the nasal septum consist of

A

Ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage

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27
Q

Roof of nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

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28
Q

Parts of nasal conchae

A

Superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid bone, and the inferior concha

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29
Q

What is the nasal meatus

A

Groove inferior to each concha

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30
Q

What happens to particulate matter in the nasa concha

A

Deflected and trapped on mucus coated surfaces

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31
Q

Heat and moisture is reclaimed during

A

Exhalation

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32
Q

What happens during inhalation

A

Air is filtered, heated, moistened

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33
Q

Kiesselbach area

A

?

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34
Q

What are paranasal sinuses

A

Ring of air-filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavity

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35
Q

Location of paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

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36
Q

What are sinuses lined by

A

Mucous membrane/respiratory mucosa

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37
Q

What does most sinuses open into

A

Middle nasal meatus

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38
Q

Rhinitis

A

Mucosa swollen and inflamed in nasal cavity

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39
Q

Sinusitis

A

Mucosa swollen and inflamed in paranasal sinus

40
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Multiple sinuses are inflamed

41
Q

What is the pharynx

A

Funnel shape passageway for both air and food

42
Q

What three sections is the pharynx divided into

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

43
Q

Pharynx connects the nasal cavity and mouth to larynx _____

A

Superiorly

44
Q

Pharynx connects the nasal cavity and mouth to esophagus _____

A

Inferiorly

45
Q

What is superior to the nasopharynx

A

Base of the skull

46
Q

What is inferior to the nasopharynx

A

Level of soft palate

47
Q

Function of the nasopharynx

A

Air passageway

48
Q

What happens during swallowing

A

Uvula reflects superiorly and closes off the nasopharynx

49
Q

What type of epithelium is the nasopharynx

A

Ciliated psuedostratified epithelium (respiratory epithelium)

50
Q

Function of the nasopharynx epithelium

A

Propels mucus from nasal cavity downward

51
Q

What is the pharyngeal tonsil

A

lymphoid organ that destroys entering pathogens in the inhaled air

52
Q

What is the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Opening into each lateral wall of the nasopharynx

53
Q

what is the tubal tonsil

A

Opening of pharyngotympanic tube, provides some protection from infection

54
Q

What is the oropharynx

A

Passageway for both food and air

55
Q

What is the superior surface of the oropharynx

A

Soft palate

56
Q

What is the inferior surface of the oropharynx

A

Epiglottis

57
Q

What is the fauces

A

Archlike entranceway of oropharynx

58
Q

What epithelium lines the oropharynx

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

59
Q

Two kinds of tonsils embedded into the mucosa of the oropharynx

A

Paired palatine, single lingual

60
Q

Location of palatine tonsil

A

Lateral walls of fauces

61
Q

Location of lingual tonsil

A

Posterior surface of the tongue

62
Q

What is the laryngopharynx

A

Passageway for both food and air

63
Q

Epithelium of the laryngopharynx

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

64
Q

Laryngopharynx continuous with

A

Esophagus and larynx

65
Q

Where does laryngopharynx extends to

A

Inferior boundary of cricoid cartilage

66
Q

Larynx extends from

A

4th-6th cervical vertebrae

67
Q

Larynx anterior to and opens into

A

Laryngopharynx

68
Q

Larynx attaches to

A

Hyoid bone superiorly

69
Q

Function of larynx

A

Separate air and food into proper channels

70
Q

Larynx is continuous with

A

Inferiorly continuous with trachea

71
Q

Superior of larynx is ____ during swalllowing, ____ during breathing

A

Closed, open

72
Q

During swallowing, the epiglottis

A

Tips inferiorly

73
Q

Properties of the epiglottis

A

Leaf shaped, elastic cartilage

74
Q

Properties of the thyroid cartilage

A

Shield shaped, forms Adam’s apple

75
Q

three pairs of small cartilage in larynx

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

76
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage

77
Q

Cricothyrotomy

A

Extreme emergency cases when airway is obstructed and intubation isn’t possible

78
Q

The two vocal ligaments of the larynx

A

Vocal folds, vestibular folds

79
Q

Properties of vocal folds

A

Elastic fiber, sound production

80
Q

Properties of vestibular folds

A

No role in sound production, enhance high frequency sounds

81
Q

Rima glottidis

A

Medial opening between vocal folds

82
Q

Glottis

A

Rima glottidis and vocal folds together

83
Q

What type of reflex does the larynx have?

A

Cough, to expel substance other than air out

84
Q

Epithelium of the larynx

A

Stratified squamous superior to vocal cord
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar inferior to vocal cord

85
Q

Power stroke of the cilia in pseudostratified cilated columnar

A

Upwards, dust trapping mucus moved superiorly from the lungs to “clear the throat”

86
Q

The mucosa in vestibule fold is responsible for

A

Cough reflex

86
Q

The mucosa in vestibule fold is sensitive to

A

Foreign subject

87
Q

What keeps the airway in trachea open

A

C-shaped cartilage rings

88
Q

Trachea descends into

A

Mediastinum from pharynx

89
Q

Trachealis location

A

Between open ends of C shaped cartilage rings along length of posterior trachea

90
Q

Carina

A

Marks where trachea divines into two primary bronchi

91
Q

Mucosa lining of carina highly sensitive to

A

irritants, cough reflex

92
Q

The cilia in the respiratory epithelium in mucosa of trachea propels

A

Superiorly

93
Q

Submucosa contains glands with both serous and mucous cells called

A

Seomucous glands (produce mucus)

94
Q

What is the adventitia

A

External layer of connective tissue consisting of cartilaginous rings, fibroelastic connective tissue connecting rings, trachealis

Anatomy (3 decks)

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