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Anatomy > Bronchi and Lungs (14) > Flashcards

Bronchi and Lungs (14) Flashcards

1
Q

The two main (primary) bronchi are

A

Branches of the trachea in the mediastinum

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2
Q

Difference between the left main bronchi and the right main bronchi

A

Right is wider, shorter, and more vertical
Left is longer, narrower, and more horizontal

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3
Q

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi on the right

A

3

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4
Q

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi on the left

A

2

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5
Q

What does the secondary bronchi supply

A

Each supplies a lobe of the lung

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6
Q

The secondary bronchi branch into

A

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi

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7
Q

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi branch into

A

Each lung segment
10 in right, 8-10 in left

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8
Q

How many orders of air tubes are in the lungs

A

23 (20-25)

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9
Q

What are bronchioles

A

Little bronchi <1 mm in diameter w/o cartilage

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10
Q

Size of terminal bronchioles

A

<0.5 mm in diameter

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11
Q

As the conducting tubes become smaller, how does the supportive connect tissue change

A

Cartilage rings replaced by irregular plates of cartilage
Supportive cartilage no longer present by bronchioles lvl

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12
Q

How does the epithelium change

A

Thins; pseudostratified columnar -> simple columnar -> simple cubodial

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13
Q

Does small bronchioles have cilia or mucus producing cells

A

No

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14
Q

How does airway widen

A

Sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle

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15
Q

How does airway constrict

A

Parasympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle

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16
Q

What is the respiratory zone

A

End part of the respiratory tree in the lungs

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17
Q

Respiratory bronchioles branched off from

A

Terminal bronchioles

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18
Q

Respiratory bronchioles lead into

A

Alveolar ducts

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19
Q

Alveolar ducts lead into

A

Alveolar sacs, clusters of alveoli

20
Q

Gas exchange happens in

A

Alveoli

21
Q

Amount of alveoli

A

400 million

22
Q

Surface area of alveoli

A

1500 square feet / 140 square meters

23
Q

Respiratory membrane consist of

A

Alveolar, capillary walls, fused basal laminae

24
Q

Properties of respiratory membrane

A

Thin, delicate, 0.4 um

25
Q

Oxygen and gas exchange occurs

A

Between alveolus and the blood, through respiratory membrane

26
Q

Epithelium tissue of type I alveolar cells

A

Single layer of simple squamous epithelial cells surrounded by basal lamina

27
Q

Epithelium tissue of type II alveolar cells

A

Cuboidal epithelium

28
Q

What does type II alveolar cells secrete

A

Surfactant to reduce surface tension within alveoli

29
Q

Function of alveolar macrophages

A

Live in the air space and remove tiniest particles not trapped by mucus

30
Q

Dust-filled alveolar macrophages migrate to

A

Bronchi from alveoli via ciliary action

31
Q

What types of fiber surrounds alveoli

A

Elastic

32
Q

Function of alveolar pores

A

Interconnect adjacent alveoli

33
Q

Superior tip of the lung

A

Apex, deep to the clavicle

34
Q

Concave inferior surface of the lung

A

Base, rests on the diaphragm

35
Q

Hilum

A

Indentation of each lung at the mediastinal surface

36
Q

Blood vessels, bronchi, nerves enter and exit the lung at the

A

Hilum

37
Q

Root

A

The blood vessels, bronchi, nerves that enter and exit the lung collectively

38
Q

Blood vessels at the root

A

2 pulmonary veins, 1 pulmonary artery

39
Q

Bronchi at the root

A

Left and right primary bronchi

40
Q

Lobes of the left lung

A

Superior, inferior

41
Q

Lobes of the right lung

A

Superior, middle, inferior

42
Q

Location of cardiac notch

A

Left lung; to accommodate the heart

43
Q

Left lung divided into superior and inferior by what fissure

A

Oblique

44
Q

Right lung divided up by

A

Oblique and horizontal fissure

45
Q

How are the bronchiopulmonary segments supplied

A

Independently by tertiary bronchi and tertiary branch of pulmonary artery

46
Q

How are the bronchiopulmonary segments drained

A

By intersegmental parts of the pulmonary veins

Anatomy (3 decks)

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