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Anatomy > Pleurae and Thoracic (15) > Flashcards

Pleurae and Thoracic (15) Flashcards

1
Q

What is pleurae

A

Serous membrane that line the lungs and thoracic cavity

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2
Q

Two lateral pleural compartments

A

Visceral, parietal

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3
Q

Function of pleura

A

Help divide thoracic cavity into central mediastinum and the two pleural compartments

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4
Q

Epithelium of the pleurae

A

Simple squamous

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5
Q

What is pleural cavity

A

Space between the parietal and visceral pleurae containing pleural fluid

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6
Q

What is pneumothorax

A

Air in pleural cavity, causing lung to collapse

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7
Q

Three costodiaphragmatic recess

A

Anterior, lateral, posterior

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8
Q

Location of anterior costodiaphragmatic recess

A

Ribs 6 and 8 (midclavicular)

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9
Q

Location of lateral costodiaphragamatic recess

A

Ribs 8 and 10 (midaxillary)

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10
Q

Location of posterior costodiahragamatic recess

A

Ribs 10 and 12 (inferior angle of scapula)

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11
Q

What is pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura

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12
Q

What is hydrothorax

A

Fluid in the pleural cavity

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13
Q

What is hemathorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

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14
Q

What is thoracentesis

A

Procedure to remove fluid/air from pleural cavity

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15
Q

What does thoracentesis consist of

A

Upright position, needle superior to 9th rib pointed upward

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16
Q

Air in the lungs is at ______ pressure; pressure in pleural cavity is _______ pressure

A

Atmospheric, negative

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17
Q

During inspiration, what increases

A

Thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, volume of lungs

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18
Q

Function of external intercostal muscles

A

Elevate rib cage

19
Q

Function of internal intercostal muscles

A

Depress rib cage, aid expiration during heavy breathing

20
Q

External and internal intercostal muscles function together during quiet inspiration to

A

Stiffen the thoracic wall

21
Q

Movement of anterior end of ribs and sternum

A

Pump handle

22
Q

Movement of lateral most side of ribs

A

Bucket handle

23
Q

Location of ventral respiratory group (VRG)

A

Medulla oblongata

24
Q

What is VRG

A

pacemaker generating ventilator rhythm and rate

25
Q

Location of somatic motor neuron

A

Spinal cord

26
Q

Neural control of ventilation

A

Phrenic nerves c3-5, intercostal nerves

27
Q

Modification of ventilation

A

Override by higher centers of the brain, modified by input from chemoreceptors

28
Q

Neurons that are responsible for involuntary innervation

A

Viscera motor neurons

29
Q

Pulmonary plexus consist of

A

Parasympathetic fibers, sympathetic stimulation

30
Q

Parasympathetic fibers are responsible for

A

Bronchoconstriction

31
Q

Sympathetic stimulation is responsible for

A

Bronchodilation

32
Q

Asthma is caused by

A

Allergic inflammation from hypersensitivity to irritants in the air or to stress

33
Q

causes of asthma attack

A

Contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle, secretion of mucus in airway

34
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Difficult airflow in and out of the lungs

35
Q

Causes of COPD

A

Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, history of smoking

36
Q

Cause of chronic bronchitis

A

Continual bronchial irritation and inflammation

37
Q

Effects of chronic bronchitis

A

Excess mucus production, chronic cough

37
Q

Cause of emphysema

A

Breakdown of elastin in connective tissue of lungs

37
Q

Effects of emphysema

A

Destruction of alveolar walls, loss of lung elasticity

38
Q

Olfactory placodes and laryngotracheal bud appear by

A

4 weeks of development

39
Q

Laryngotracheal bud forms

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchi subdivisions

40
Q

What is the lung filled with during fetal life

A

Fluid

41
Q

Where does respiratory exchange happening during fetal life

A

Respiratory exchange through placenta

42
Q

At birth, what amount of alveoli are present

A

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Anatomy (3 decks)

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