Pleurae and Thoracic (15)

Question 1

What is pleurae

Answer 1

Serous membrane that line the lungs and thoracic cavity

Question 2

Two lateral pleural compartments

Answer 2

Visceral, parietal

Question 3

Function of pleura

Answer 3

Help divide thoracic cavity into central mediastinum and the two pleural compartments

Question 4

Epithelium of the pleurae

Answer 4

Simple squamous

Question 5

What is pleural cavity

Answer 5

Space between the parietal and visceral pleurae containing pleural fluid

Question 6

What is pneumothorax

Answer 6

Air in pleural cavity, causing lung to collapse

Question 7

Three costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 7

Anterior, lateral, posterior

Question 8

Location of anterior costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 8

Ribs 6 and 8 (midclavicular)

Question 9

Location of lateral costodiaphragamatic recess

Answer 9

Ribs 8 and 10 (midaxillary)

Question 10

Location of posterior costodiahragamatic recess

Answer 10

Ribs 10 and 12 (inferior angle of scapula)

Question 11

What is pleurisy

Answer 11

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 12

What is hydrothorax

Answer 12

Fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 13

What is hemathorax

Answer 13

Blood in the pleural cavity

Question 14

What is thoracentesis

Answer 14

Procedure to remove fluid/air from pleural cavity

Question 15

What does thoracentesis consist of

Answer 15

Upright position, needle superior to 9th rib pointed upward

Question 16

Air in the lungs is at ______ pressure; pressure in pleural cavity is _______ pressure

Answer 16

Atmospheric, negative

Question 17

During inspiration, what increases

Answer 17

Thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, volume of lungs

Question 18

Function of external intercostal muscles

Answer 18

Elevate rib cage

Question 19

Function of internal intercostal muscles

Answer 19

Depress rib cage, aid expiration during heavy breathing

Question 20

External and internal intercostal muscles function together during quiet inspiration to

Answer 20

Stiffen the thoracic wall

Question 21

Movement of anterior end of ribs and sternum

Answer 21

Pump handle

Question 22

Movement of lateral most side of ribs

Answer 22

Bucket handle

Question 23

Location of ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Answer 23

Medulla oblongata

Question 24

What is VRG

Answer 24

pacemaker generating ventilator rhythm and rate

Question 25

Location of somatic motor neuron

Answer 25

Spinal cord

Question 26

Neural control of ventilation

Answer 26

Phrenic nerves c3-5, intercostal nerves

Question 27

Modification of ventilation

Answer 27

Override by higher centers of the brain, modified by input from chemoreceptors

Question 28

Neurons that are responsible for involuntary innervation

Answer 28

Viscera motor neurons

Question 29

Pulmonary plexus consist of

Answer 29

Parasympathetic fibers, sympathetic stimulation

Question 30

Parasympathetic fibers are responsible for

Answer 30

Bronchoconstriction

Question 31

Sympathetic stimulation is responsible for

Answer 31

Bronchodilation

Question 32

Asthma is caused by

Answer 32

Allergic inflammation from hypersensitivity to irritants in the air or to stress

Question 33

causes of asthma attack

Answer 33

Contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle, secretion of mucus in airway

Question 34

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 34

Difficult airflow in and out of the lungs

Question 35

Causes of COPD

Answer 35

Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, history of smoking

Question 36

Cause of chronic bronchitis

Answer 36

Continual bronchial irritation and inflammation

Question 37

Effects of chronic bronchitis

Answer 37

Excess mucus production, chronic cough

Question 37

Cause of emphysema

Answer 37

Breakdown of elastin in connective tissue of lungs

Question 37

Effects of emphysema

Answer 37

Destruction of alveolar walls, loss of lung elasticity

Question 38

Olfactory placodes and laryngotracheal bud appear by

Answer 38

4 weeks of development

Question 39

Laryngotracheal bud forms

Answer 39

Trachea, bronchi, bronchi subdivisions

Question 40

What is the lung filled with during fetal life

Answer 40

Fluid

Question 41

Where does respiratory exchange happening during fetal life

Answer 41

Respiratory exchange through placenta

Question 42

At birth, what amount of alveoli are present

Answer 42

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