Respiratory Test Flashcards
What is the Function of Respiratory System?
gas exchange between an organism and environment
What is the process of inhalation?
3 points
- Chest expands
- Diaphragm contracts and flattens out drawing air into the lungs
- Intercostal (Rib) muscles contract which pulls your rib cage up and
out
What is the process of exhalation?
3 points
-Chest relaxes
-diaphragm relaxes and returns to its original dome shape, forcing air out of your lungs,
- Intercostal muscles relax which allows your rib cage to fall downwards
What is external respiration?
4 points
- Air is draw into the lungs from the outside environment
-Oxygen diffuses into alveoli which diffuses into the blood using alveolar capillaries
-Carbon dioxide does opposite order
What is internal respiration?
4 points
-Oxygen diffuses through the interstitial fluid, across cell membrane and into the mitochondria
-Glucose is ingested (animals) and through facilitated diffusion, crosses cell membrane and enters mitochondria
-Co2 is produced in mitochondria and diffuses out of mitochondria and cell membrane and in interstitial fluid
-ATP and heat (byproduct) are produced in mitochondria
Nose
2 points
-Nostril are entryways for air into body
-Nose hairs filter bacteria and foreign pathogens from the air
Nasal passages
4 points
-moistens, warms, and cleans incoming air
-Line with ciliated cells
-Mucus secreting cells to trap foreign particles
-Ciliated cells move particles up the airway into nose and throat - coughing or sneezing clears airway
Pharynx (throat)
What are entryways?
4 points
-Passageway for air
-Located back of the mouth
-Entryways are mouth and nasal passages
-Eustachian tubes (air pressure regulation)
Epiglottis and Glottis
Location, position/when
4 points
- Base of the Pharynx is the Epiglottis
- A flap of cartilage that covers the glottis when food/water passes through the throat.
- When breathing, the Epiglottis is at rest,
pointed upward and allows air to pass
through - Glottis = opening to the trachea
Larynx
4 points
-made of cartilage and contains vocal chords
-breathing=large gap between vocal chords
-talking=muscles in larynx contract and vocal chords come together
- air passes through vocal chords to make sound
Pitch in larynx
3 points
-pitch = length of chords
-woman and children have shorter chords
-men have vocal chords which stretches chords
Trachea
3 points
-windpipe
-Strengthened by semi circle arches of cartilage
-open end is where esophagus
Upper respiratory tract
Nose → pharynx → larynx → trachea
Lower respiratory tract
Lungs →
Lungs
2 points
- two lungs
-right lung has three lobes, left one has two
Pleural membrane
4 points
-thin double layered membrane
-outside layer attaches to inside of chest wall
-inside layer attaches to lung
-allows lungs to move in response to moving of chest
Bronchi/bronchus + bronchioles
What divides into what?
Lined with what?
7 points
-The trachea divides into bronchi
-each bronchi then further divides into a bronchial tree that slowly decreases in size
- The smallest branches of the tree are
called bronchioles
- Lined with cilia and mucus secreting cells
- Do not contain cartilage
- The bronchi lead into the lungs, the
bronchioles are woven into the lobes of the lungs.
- Bronchioles lead into alveolar sacs that contain alveoli
Alveoli
5 points
-bronchiole ends in cluster of alveoli
-300 million in body
-site of gas exchange in lungs (diffusion of O2 and CO2
-Capillaries are on surface of surrounding thin wall
-malleable - can push out and store extra air
Explain
