Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Balanced Cellular Respiration Equation

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) + Heat as a byproduct

Question 2

Oxidation

Answer 2

Chemical species loses electrons (hydrogens) to another chemical species

Question 3

Reduction

Answer 3

Chemical species gains electrons (hydrogens) from another chemical species

Question 4

Dissociation

Answer 4

Ions split into their atoms/ions

Question 5

Glycolysis Def

Answer 5

-sugar breakdown
-happens in cytoplasm of cells
-Gains two ATP + two pyruvate/pyruvic acid and two NADH
-

Question 6

Glycolysis Steps

Answer 6

1. Glucose 6C Sugar splits into two molecules pyruvic acid 3C
2. Cost is two ATP which turns into two ATP,
   4 ADP is turned into 4 ATPspent to transport pyruvate across MM
3. 2 NAD+ Reduced to 2 NADH

Question 7

Intermediate Step

Answer 7

Starts with two 3C molecules - pyruvic acid
They lose carbon atom and two oxygen atoms each
Gains: 2 NADH molecules
Products: 2 molecules acytel coA
2 Molecules CO2

Question 8

Intermediate step steps

Answer 8

1. Pyruvate and coA combine
   a) This results in production of CO2 (because a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms turn into CO2)
   b) When pyruvate binds to coA, pyruvate turns to Acetyl coA - this oxidizes pyruvate, and reduces another molecule of NAD+ to NADH

Question 9

Krebs Cycle Def

Answer 9

In Mitochondrial Matrix
Gain: 2 ATP molecule
6 NADH
2 FADH2
Products:
4C to restarts cycle
4 CO2 molecules and gain’s from above

Question 10

Krebs Cycle Steps

Answer 10

1. Acetyl coA (from intermidiate) combines with 4C molecule =Citric acid 6C
2. Citric acid looses one carbon - binds with two Oxygen turns to CO2 and one Hyrdrogen - reduced to NADh
3. this step happens again turning citric acid into 4C molecule
4. ADP + Phospate group turns to ATP
5. FAD reduces to FADH, strips 4C of H+ and e-
   6 NAD swoops in and reducese another H to NADH
6. cycle restarts with regenerated 4C molecule (OAA)

Question 11

Mitochondrial Matrix

Answer 11

Fluid/Gel like substance inside of inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 12

Electron Transport Chain Def

Answer 12

Where most of Aerobic cellular resp ATP is generated
High energy electrons from FADH2 and NADH are passed to a chain of electron carrying molecules
Each time electrons are passed from molecule to molecule energy is produced
the energy is used to pump H+ ions from mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

Question 13

ETC steps

Answer 13

1. Hydrogen and electrons are lost to FADH2 and NADH (NADH and FADH2 return to krebs cycle. The H ions bind to oxygen to create water
2. Electrons passed along each “step”, each it energy is released. The energy is used to pump e- out of matrix into IMS. creates H gradient.
3. Buildup of H in IMS creates gradient. causes H+ to flow back into matrix
   THEY CAN ONLY FLOW TO MATRIX THROUGH AP SYNTHASE
4. ATP synthase uses energy from H+ ion to from hydrogen flowing back to matrix
   energy used to bind phospate group with ADP creating ATP
5. Electrons that are done going down ETC and are accepted by FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTER: oxygen
6. Oxygen binds to the Hydrogen ions (flown back into matrix) to create water

Question 14

ATP sythase

Answer 14

Enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (mainly on the matrix side) that catalyzes the generation of ATP

Question 15

Chemismosis

Answer 15

Process of ATP synthase COUPLING energy from H+ ion gradient to synthesis of ATP from combination of ADP and phosphate group

Question 16

ETC gains and products

Answer 16

Gains: 10 NADH - converts 3 atp = 30 ATP molecules
2 FADH2 molecules - coverts 2 ATP = 4 ATP
Products: Water molecules
10 NADH + 2 FADH2 = 34 ATP