Respiratory System Test Flashcards
Name the three functions of the respiratory system
- Transfers O2 to the blood
- Discharges CO2 as a waste
- Ventilates the lungs
Name the three parts of the pharynx
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Larongealpharynx
Apart from warming, filtering and humidifying, name three other functions of the larynx
- Production of sound
- Passageway for air
- Protection for the lower respiratory tract
Apart from warming and humidifying, name three other functions of the pharynx
- Passageway for food and water
- Protection
- Speech
Name the parts of the lower respiratory tract
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
How many lobes does the left lung have and why?
Two, to accommodate the heart
What three elements does the pleura consist of?
- Parietal pleura
- Pleural cavity
- Visceral pleura
Describe external respiration
Transferring atmospheric air to the blood stream via the lungs and alvioli
Describe internal respiration
Transferring O2 to various tissies and organs around the body
What is the percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide of inspired air?
- 21%
* 0.04%
What is the percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide of expired air?
- 16%
* 4%
Is inspiration or expiration a passive movement?
Expiration
Give a brief description of the process and movement of the chest diaphragm during inspiration
Collesteal muscles contract, pulling ribs up and out, diaphragm contracts flattening, increasing volume in the chest cavity creating negative pressure, sucking air into the lungs which inflate
Which parts of the brain contain the respiratory centre
Medulla oblongata and pons
What is the normal breathing rate for an adult?
12-20
Name three factors that can increase a breathing rate
- Exercise
- Anxiety
- Shock
Name two factors that decrease a breathing rate
- Drugs
* Hypothermia
What does dyspnea mean?
Difficulty breathing
What is considered to be a normal pulse oximetry (SpO2) range?
94% - 98%
A peak exploratory flow reading of between 33% and 50% of someone’s best or predicted best would indicate what level of an asthma attack?
Severe
How many C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage make up the trachea?
16 - 20
Name two factors that can affect the accuracy of a pulse oximetry reading
- Cold extremities
* Nail varnish
Briefly describe a flail segment
Several ribs have broken/fractured and come away and are loose
Tall, young and thin men are more at risk of what?
Spontaneous pneumothorax
What is hemothorax?
A build-up of blood in the pleural cavity making it hard for the lungs to inflate
Briefly describe the management of anaphylaxis
- SAFE
- AVPU
- CABDCE
- Call 999/evac
- Treat symptoms
- Reassess treatment
- Reassess CABCDE
