Cardiovascular System Test Flashcards
Name 4 functions of the blood
- Transportation of oxygen and CO2
- Acts as a connective tissue
- Regulates body temperature
- Created blood clots at the site of injuries
List the three blood cells and state their functions
- Platelets - create blood clots at the site of injuries
- Red blood cells - carry oxygen
- White blood cells - ward of infection
What is the composition of blood?
- 55 % Plasma
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
Name the 5 blood vessels
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venues
- Veins
What is the name of the upper chambers in the heart?
Atriums
Does the pulmonary vein contain deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?
Oxygenated
What are the three layers of a blood vessel and in what order?
- Tunica externa
- Tunica media
- Tunica intima
What valve does blood pass though from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
When the blood moves from the left ventricle to the aorta, which valve does it pass through?
Aortic valve
The SA passes an impulse to the AV node, where does this impulse then travel to?
Bundle of his (l&r bundle branches)
Where is the SA node located and what is another name to describe it?
- Located in the upper wall of the right atrium
* Pacemaker
Explain the three stages of the cardiac cycle
- The chambers relax and fill with blood
- The atria contract and the blood is pushed into the ventricles
- The ventricles contract and push blood out through the aorta and pulmonary artery
Define tachycardia and its rate
- Rapid heart rate
* Above 100bpm
Define the term bradycardia and its rate
- Slow heart rate
* Below 60 bpm
Define hypertension
High blood pressure
Define globins
Proteins
Starting at the right atrium, describe the blood flow through the body
Blood is pumped from the right atrium, through the pulmonary artery and past the lungs where the blood is then oxygenated. Blood is then passed through the pulmonary artery into the left atrium and into the left ventricle. Blood is then pumped through the aorta to the boys capillaries where muscles and tissue are supplied with oxygenated blood. Meanwhile the deoxygenated blood that contains the waste product(CO2) is pumped from the capillaries and through the venue cavae, into the right atrium and the cycle is then repeated.
Define thrombo
The clotting of blood
What does the P wave of an ECG mean?
The P wave indicates atrial contraction
Name the 4 factors that can affect a heart rate
- Trauma
- Illness
- Exercise
- Drugs
Describe systolic and diastolic blood pressure and state a normal reading
- Systolic - When the heart contracts, creating pressure in the heart and arteries 120bpm
- Diastolic - When the heart relaxes, and reduces the pressure in the heart and arteries 80bpm
List the three functions of the lymphatic system
- Removal of excess fluid from body tissues
- Absorption of fatty acids
- Production of immune cells
List the three layers of the heart in order
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
List the reversible causes of cardiac arrest
- Hypoxia
- Hypovolemia
- Hypothermia
- Hypokelemia
- Thrombosis
- Toxins
- Tension pneumothorax
- Tamponade
Name the two shockable cardiac arrest rhythms
- Ventricular fibrillation
* Pulseless ventricular
Name the non-shockable cardiac arrest rhythms
- Pulseless electrical activity PEA
* Asystolie
Briefly describe the management of a myocardial infarction
Also knows as a heart attack, myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow decreases, stopping part of the heart and causing damage to the heart. The most common symptom is chest pain, arm pain and fatigue
