Respiratory system part 2 Flashcards
or breathing, is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs
Ventilation
2 phases of ventilation
Inspiration
Expiration
Changes that regulate ventilation, which produce changes in air pressure within the lungs
Thoracic volume
Changing thoracic volume includes
- diaphragm
- muscles that elevate the ribs
- sternum
- external coastals
a set of muscles that is required for inhaling
muscle of inspiration
Primary muscle associated with expiration
Intercoastals (depress the ribs and sternum)
is the process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system
Spirometry
is the device that measures these respiratory volumes
Spirometer
are measurement of amount of air movement during different portions of ventilation
Respiratory volume
are sums of two or more respiratory volumes
Respiratory capacities
is the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath
Tidal volume
is the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
is the amount of air that can be expired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
is the volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after maximum expiration
Residual volme
is the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. This is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration
Functional residual capacity
is the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory capacity
is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, the tidal volume and the expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity
is the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserves and the tidal and residual volumes
Total lung capacity
Factors that influences exchange of gases across respiratory membrane
- Thickness of the membrane
- Total surface area of the respiratory membrane
- Partial pressure of gases across membrane
Thickness increases during certain respiratory diseases
Respiratory membrane thickness
Total surface area of the respiratory membrane is about 70sqm in normal adult
Surface area
Pressure exerted by a specific gas in a mixture of gases, such as air
Partial pressure
O2 diffuses from alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries because the Po2 in the alveoli is higher/ greater than in the pulmonary capillaries
Movement of gases in the lungs
After O2 diffuses through the respiratory membrane into the blood about 98.5% of the O2 is transported in the blood and combines with iron-containing heme groups of hemoglobin
O2 transport
CO2 enters the blood, it is transported in 3 ways;
- About 7% is transported as CO2 dissolved in plasma
- 23% is transported bound to blood proteins, primarily hemoglobin
- 70% is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions
About __ is transported as CO2 dissolved in plasma
7%
__ is transported bound to blood proteins, primarily hemoglobin
23%
__ is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions
70%
CO2 reacts with water forming
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Carbonic acid will dissociate to form __ and ___
H+ and bicarbonate ions
is located inside the RBC and on the surface of capillary epithelial cells
Carbonic anyhydrase
Location of neurons involve in respiration
Located in the brainstem
Medullary respiratory is consists of..
2 dorsal respiratory
2 ventral respiratory group
