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BIO108-Gen Physio (Iv and Josh Collab) > Respiratory system part 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory system part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of respiratory system

A
  1. Regulation of Blood pH
  2. Voice production
  3. Olfaction
  4. Innate immunity
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2
Q

Alters blood pH by changing blood CO2 levels

A

Regulation of blood pH

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3
Q

Air past the vocal cords makes sound and speech

A

Voice production

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4
Q

Sensation of smell

A

Olfaction

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5
Q

Protects against some microorganisms, by preventing it from entering our body by removing them from respiratory surfaces

A

Innate immunity

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6
Q

Divisions of respiratory system

A
  • Upper respiratory tract
  • Lower respiratory tract
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7
Q

Organs belonging to upper respiratory tract

A

Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx

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8
Q

Organs belonging to lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

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9
Q

Consist of external nose and nasal cavity

A

Nose

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10
Q

visible structure (compose of hyaline cartilage)

A

External nose

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11
Q

is consist of bone and cartilage covered by connective tissue and skin

A

Bridge of external nose

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12
Q

or nostrils, external opening of the nose

A

Nares

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13
Q

or funnels, opening into the pharynx

A

Choanae

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14
Q

prominent body ridges, present on each side of the nasal cavity

A

Conchae

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15
Q

are air filled spaces within bone

A

Paranasal sinuses

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16
Q

Paranasal sinuses includes

A
  • Maxillary
  • frontal
  • Ethmoidal
  • Sphenoidal
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17
Q

inflammation of the mucous membrane of a sinus, once inflamed they produce excess mucous.

A

Sinusitis

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18
Q

carry tears from the eyes (also open into the nasal cavity)

A

Nasolacrimal ducts

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19
Q

dislodge foreign substance from the nasal cavity

  • During this reflex, the uvula and soft palate are depressed
A

Sneeze reflex

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20
Q

stimulated by exposure to bright light such as the sun

  • also sometimes called ACHOO
A

Photic sneeze reflex

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21
Q

ACHOO

A

autosomal dominant compulsive helio-ophthalmic outbursts

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22
Q

Throat, is a common passageway for both respiratory and digestive tract

A

Pharynx

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23
Q

Three regions of Pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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24
Q

superior part of the pharynx, posterior to choanae, superior to the soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

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25
Q

little grape, posterior extension of the soft palate.

A

Uvula

26
Q

extends from uvula to the epiglottis, thus food and air passes through the oropharynx

A

Oropharynx

27
Q

passes posterior to the larynx and extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

28
Q

commonly called the voice box, located in the anterior throat and extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea

A

Larynx

29
Q

Three functions of Larynx

A
  1. Maintains an open airway
  2. Protects the airway during swallowing
  3. Produces voice
30
Q

Shield shape or Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

31
Q

ring shape

A

Cricoid cartilage

32
Q

The 3 pairs of cartilage

A
  1. Cuneiform cartilage (wedge shape)
  2. Corniculate cartilage (horn shape)
  3. Arytenoid cartilage (ladle shape)
33
Q

2 sets of vocal ligaments

A
  1. Vestibular folds
  2. Vocal folds
34
Q

false vocal cords, superior

A

Vestibular folds

35
Q

true vocal cords (inferior)

A

Vocal folds

36
Q

are the primary source of voice production.

A

Vocal folds

37
Q

inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the vocal folds (thus inhibits voice production)

A

Laryngitis

38
Q

windpipe, Allows air to flow into the lungs

A

Trachea

39
Q

What tissue makes up the trachea

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

Reinforces trachea

A

16 to 20 “C-shaped” rings of hyaline cartilage

41
Q

at the posterior of the C-shape rings, consist of

A
  • Elastic, ligamentous membrane
  • and bundles of smooth muscle
42
Q

what type of membrane lines the trachea?

A
  • Mucous membrane
43
Q

The membrane of trachea is consists of

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

44
Q

The membrane of trachea is consists of

A

Cilia and goblet cells

45
Q

The trachea divides into left and right main bronchi or primary bronchi

A

Bronchi

46
Q

more horizontal than right because it is displaced by the heart

A

Left main bronchus

47
Q

principal organs of respiration, cone shape, base resting in diaphragm

A

Lungs

48
Q

lobes of right lung

A
  1. Superior lobe
  2. Middle lobe
  3. Inferior lobe
49
Q

Lobes in the left lung

A
  1. Superior lobe
  2. Inferior Lobe
50
Q

Each lobe is divided into

A

bronchopulmonary segments

51
Q

consist of the main bronchi and many branches

A

Tracheobronchial tree

52
Q

Each main bronchus is divided into

A

Lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi)

53
Q

Lobar bronchi in turn is divided into

A

Segmental bronchi (Tertiary bronchi)

54
Q

also subdivide numerous times to give rise to Terminal bronchioles

A

Bronchioles

55
Q

Terminal bronchiles is divided into

A

Respiratory bronchioles

56
Q

Each respiratory bronchioles is subdivided to form

A

Alveolar ducts

57
Q

hollow sacs, are small air filled chambers where the air and the blood come into close contact with each other

A

Alveoli

58
Q

is where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place

A

Respiratory membrane

59
Q

Respiratory membrane is consist of what layers

A

2 layers of simple squamous, including secreted fluid called alveolar fluid

60
Q

Layers of respiratory membrane

A
  1. Thin layer of alveolar fluid
  2. Alveolar epithelium
  3. Basement membrane
  4. Thin interstitial space
  5. Basement membrane of capillary endothelium
  6. Capillary endothelium
61
Q

Specialized secretory cells within the walls of the alveoli secrete a chemical

A

Surfactant

62
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Reduces the tendency of alveoli to recoil

BIO108-Gen Physio (Iv and Josh Collab) (6 decks)

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