Respiratory system lesson Flashcards
gas exchanges with the blood happens only in the
aveoli
nasal cavity is divided by
nasal septum
when the external temp is extremely cold, cilia becomes
sluggish, allowing mucus to accumulate in the nasal cavity
increases the surface area of the mucosa exposed to the air
conchae
increases the air turbulence in nasal cavity
conchae
results in breathing difficulty as well as problems with oral cavity functions such as chewing and speaking
cleft plate
the sinuses lighten the
skull
drains tears from the eyes
nasolacrimal ducts
what causes rhinitis
cold viruses and carious allegens
inflammation of the nasal mucosa
rhinitis
excessive mucus produced results in
nasal congestion and postnasal drip
clusters of lymphatic tissue
tonsils
pharyngeal tonsil are found in
nasapharynx
another name for pharyngeal tonsil
adenoid
guardian of the airway
epiglottis
epiglottis protects the
superior opening of the larynx
abuts the esophagus and completes the wall of the trachea posteriorly
trachealis
a procedure in which the air in a person’s own lungs is used to pop out or expel, an obstructing piece of food
Heimlich maneuver
surgical opening of trachea
tracheostomy
destroys cilia
smoking
broad lung area resting on the diaphragm
base
surface of each lung is covered with a
visceral serous called the pulmonary or viseral pleura
walls of the thoracic cavity are lined by
parietal pleura
caused by decreased secretion of pleural fluid
Pleruisy
pleural surfaces become dry and rough resulting in
friction and stabbing pain with each breath
pleural may produce excessive amounts of fluid which exerts pressure on the
lungs
all but the smallest branches have
reinforcing cartilages in their walls
terminal bronchioles lead into
respiratory zone structures
respiratory zone includes
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
only site of gas exchange
alveoli
serve as conduits to and from the respiratory zone
conducting zone structures
balance of the lung tissue
storma
describe storma
mainly elastic connective tissue that allows the lungs to recoil passively as we exhale
has gas flowing past on one side and blood flowing past on the other
respiratory membrane (air blood barrier)
final line of defense for the respiratory system is in the
alveoli
wander in and out of the alveoli picking up bacteria
alveolar macrophages
another name of alveolar macrophages
dust cells
coats the gas exposed alveolar surfaces and is very important in lung function
surfactant
cornerstone of all energy producing chemical reactions in the body
cellular respiration
cellular respiration occurs in all
body cells
inspiratory muscles
diaphragm
external intercoastals
when inspiratory muscles contract
the size of the thoracic cavity increases
volume within the lungs
intrapulmonary volume
intrapulmonary volume increases
the gases within the lungs spread out to fill the larger space
decrease in the gas pressure results in
partial vaccum
partial vaccum
pressure less than atmospheric pressure
as intrapulmonary volume decreases
the gases inside the lungs are forced more closely together and the intrapulmonary pressure rises to a point higher than the atmospheric pressure
pressure within the pleural space
intrapleural pressure
intrapleural pressure is always
negative and is the major factor preventing collapse of the lungs
if the intrapleural pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure
the lungs immediately recoil completely and collapse
lung collapse
atelecasis
during atelecasis
lung is useless for ventilation
presence of air in the intrapleural space, which disrupts the fluid bond between the pleurae is called
pneumothorax
pneumothorax is reversed by
drawing air out of the intrapleural space with chest tubes
