lab quiz 10 Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
provides the body with the nutrients essential for health
A
digestive system
2
Q
digested end products can pass through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood to be distributed to the body cells, a process known as
A
absorption
3
Q
scent player of smooth muscle fiber
A
muscularis mucosae
4
Q
major function of mucosa
A
secretion
absorption
protection
5
Q
submucosa is connective tissue containing
A
blood and lymphatic vessels, scattered lymph nodes and nerve fibers
6
Q
intrinsic nerve supply of submucosa
major function?
A
submucosal plexus
protection
7
Q
smooth muscle of the muscularis is controlled by
A
myenteric plexus
8
Q
define myenteric plexus
A
an intrinsic nerve plexus
9
Q
myenteric plexus is the major regulator of
A
GI motility
10
Q
outermost serosa is the
A
visceral peritoneum
11
Q
part of small intestine
A
duodenum
12
Q
connective tissue layer deep to the mucosa
A
submucosa
13
Q
composed of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers
A
muscularis externa
14
Q
vilia increases the
A
surface area for absorption
15
Q
protects the anterior opening of mouth
A
lips or labia
16
Q
forms the lateral walls of the mouth
A
cheeks
17
Q
forms the roof of the mouth
A
palate
18
Q
anterior part of the palate is called?
why?
A
hard plate
because the bone underlies it
19
Q
soft palate is unsupported by
A
bone and uvula
20
Q
define uvula
A
fingerlike projection of the soft palate
21
Q
soft palate rises to close off the
A
oral cavity from the nasal and pharyngeal passages during swallowing
22
Q
occupies the floor of the oral cavity
A
muscular tongue
23
Q
secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth
A
lingual frenulum
24
Q
space between the lips and cheeks and teeth is
A
vestibule
25
area that lies within the teeth and gum is the
oral cavity proper
26
on each side of the mouth at its posterior end are masses of lymphoid tissue
palatine tonsils
27
covers the base of the tongue
lingual tonsil
28
part of the body's def system
tonsils, along with other lymphoid tissues
29
begins the digestion of starchy food in the mouth
salivary amylase
30
common passageway for food, fluid and air
pharynx
31
behind the nasal cavity
nasalpharynx
32
extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis
oropharynx
33
extends from the epiglottis to the base of the larynx
laryngopharynx
34
food passageway that conducts food to the stomach by
peristalsis
35
superior end of esophagus's walls contains
skeletal muscle
36
thickening of the smooth muscle layer at the esophagus stomach junction
cardioesophageal sphincter
37
cardioesophageal sphincter controls
food passage into the stomach
38
stomach is hidden by
liver and diaphragm
39
area surrounding the opening through which food enters the stomach
cardiac region
40
the expanded portion of the stomach, lateral to the cardiac region
fundus
41
terminal part of the stomach;
which is continuous with the small intestine through the;
pylorus
pyloric sphincter
42
concave medial surface of the stomach is the
its convex lateral surface is the
lesser curvature
greater curvature
43
extend from the lesser and greater curvatures
omenta
44
gastric glands of the mucosa secrete
hydrocloric acid and hydrolytic enzymes
45
convoluted tube about 2 meters long in a living person
small intestine
46
small intestine extends from
pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
47
small intestine is suspended by the
fall shaped mesentery
48
small intestine has 3 regions
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
49
extends from the pyloric spincter for about 10 inches and curves around the head of the pancreas
duodenum
50
continuous with the duodenum, extends for about 8 feet
jejunum
51
terminal portion of the small intestine, about 12 feet long
ileum
52
ileum joins the large intestine at the
ileocecal valve
53
enzymes bound to the microvilli of the columnar epithelial cells
brush border enzymes
54
brush border enzymes produced by the pancreas and ducted into the duodenum via the
pancreatic duct
55
formed in the liver
Bile
56
at the duodenum, the ducts join to form the bulblike
and empty their products into the duodenal lumen through an opening called the
hepatopancreatic ampulla
duodenal papilla
57
3 structural modifications that increase the absorptive area
microvili
billi
plicae circulares
58
Define microvilli
minute projections of the surface plasma membrane of the columnar epithelial cells of the mucosa
59
describe villi
fingerlike projections of the mucosa that give it a velvety appearance and texture
60
another name for plicar circulares
circular folds
61
describe circular folds
deep folds of the mucosal and submucosal layers that forces chyme to spiral through the intestine, mixing it and slowing its process to allow time for digestion and absorption
62
any residue remaining undigested at the end of the small intestine enters the large intestine through the
ileocecal valve
63
surface area increasing modifications decrease
in number toward the end of the small intestine
64
local collections of lymphoid nodules found in the submucosa called
Peyer's patches
65
Peyer's patches increase
along the length of the small intestine
66
large intestine extends from the
ileocecal valve to the anus
67
large intestine consists of
```
cecum
appendix
colon
rectum
anal canal
```
68
travels up the right side of the abdominal cavity;
makes a right angle turn at the
ascending colon
right colic (hepatic) flexture
69
descending colon becomes the S shaped
sigmoid colon
70
sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anal canal lie in the
are not considered
pelvis
abdominal cavity structures
71
anal canal terminates in the
anus
72
external sphincter of skeletal muscles
voluntary sphincter
73
internal sphincter of smooth muscle
involuntary sphincter
74
cause the wall to pucker into small pocketlike sacs called
haustra
75
longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis externa
large intestine
76
major function of the large intestine
is to compact and propel the fecal matter toward the anus and to eliminate it from the body
77
large intestines provide a site for
intestinal bacteria to manufacture some vitamin B and K, which it then absorbs into the blood stream
78
by the age 21, 2 sets of teeth have developed
the initial set, deciduous teeth
| permanent teeth
79
another name for deciduous teeth
milk teeth
80
mixed dentition
some permanent and some deciduous teeth
81
teeth are classified as
incisors
canines
premolars
molar
82
another name of canines
eye teeth
83
another name of premolars
bicuspids
84
teeth names reflect differences in relative
structure and function
85
used in biting
chisel shaped incisors
86
used for tearing or piercing of food
canines
87
incisors, canines and premolars typically have
single roots
88
lower molars have how many roots?
upper molar
2
3
89
premolars and molars have
broad crowns with rounded cusps specialized for the grinding of food
90
dentition is described by means of a
dental formula
91
dental formula specifies the
number, types, and position of the teeth in one side of the jaw
92
a tooth consists of 2 major regions
crown and root
93
enamel covered crown is the superior portion of the tooth visible above the
gum or gingiva
94
hardest substance in the body
enamel
95
enamel is brittle because
it is heavily mineralized with calcium salts
96
that part of the tooth embedded in the jaw is the
root
97
root and crown are connected
by a constricted neck
98
outermost surface of the root is covered by
cement
99
cementum attaches the tooth to the;
which holds the tooth in the;
periodontal ligament
alveolar socket
100
comprises the bulk of the tooth
dentin
101
dentin definition
bonelike material located deep to the enamel and cement
102
occupies the core of the tooth;
supplied with;
pulp cavity
blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, tooth sensation
103
where the pulp cavity extends into the;
it becomes the
root
root canal
104
empty their secretion into the oral cavity
3 pairs of major salivary glands
105
3 pairs of major salivary glands
parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
106
located along the medial aspect of the mandible via parotid duct into the mouth
parotid glands
107
located along the medial aspect of the mandible in the floor of the mouth
submandibular glands
108
small glands located most anteriorly in the floor of the mouth and emptying under the tongue via several small ducts
sublingual glands
109
largest gland in the body
liver
110
liver is located
inferior to the diaphragm. more to the right side of the body
111
human liver has how many lobes
4
112
digestive function of liver
to produce bile
113
bile leave the liver through the;
and enters the duodenum via;
common hepatic duct
bile duct
114
bile has no
enzymes but it emulsifies fat (breaks it down)
115
bile creats a
large surface area for lipases
116
without bile
little fat digestion or absorption occurs
117
when digestive acitivity isnt occuring, bile backs up in the
cystic duct and enters the gallbladder
118
define gallbladder
a small green sac on the inferior surface of the liver
119
liver is important in the initial processing
of the nutrient rich blood draining the digestive organs
120
remove debris such as bacteria from the blood
kupffer cells
121
liver parenchyma picks up
oxygen and nutrients
122
processed blood ultimately drains fro the liver via the
hepatic vein
123
define pancreas
soft triangular gland that extends across the posterior adbdominal wall from the spleen to the duodenum
124
pencreas is a
retroperitoneal organs, like duodenum
125
pancreas has both
endrocine and exocrine
126
produces the hormones insulin and glucagon
endocrine
127
produces enzyme
exocrine
128
pancreas produces
hydrolytic enzymes
129
hydrolytic enzymes is secreted in an alkaline fluid into the duodenum via
the pancreatic duct
130
pancreatic juice is very
alkanine
131
large protein molecules produced by body cells
enzymes
132
enzymes act as
biological catalysts
133
digestive enzymes are
hydrolytic enzymes or hydrolases
134
digestive enzymes and biles function
outside the body cells
135
hydrolyzes proteins to small fragments
trypsin
136
define BAPNA
synthetic human made protein substrate consisting of a dye covalently bound to an amino acid
137
the presense of a yellow color indicates a
positive hydrolysis test
138
very important in the overall food breakdown process
enzyme
139
skeletal and smooth muscles are involved in
digestion
140
movements during digestion
segmentation and peristalsis
141
segmentation and peristalsis are most important as
mixing an propulsive mechanisms
142
define segmental movements
local constrictions of the organ wall that occur rhythmically
143
segmental movements serve mainly
to mix the foodstuff with digestive juices
144
segmentation is important in
propelling food through the small intestine
145
define peristaltic movement
major means of propelling food through most of the digestive viscera
