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Respiratory system > lab quiz 10 > Flashcards

lab quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

provides the body with the nutrients essential for health

A

digestive system

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2
Q

digested end products can pass through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood to be distributed to the body cells, a process known as

A

absorption

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3
Q

scent player of smooth muscle fiber

A

muscularis mucosae

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4
Q

major function of mucosa

A

secretion
absorption
protection

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5
Q

submucosa is connective tissue containing

A

blood and lymphatic vessels, scattered lymph nodes and nerve fibers

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6
Q

intrinsic nerve supply of submucosa

major function?

A

submucosal plexus

protection

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7
Q

smooth muscle of the muscularis is controlled by

A

myenteric plexus

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8
Q

define myenteric plexus

A

an intrinsic nerve plexus

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9
Q

myenteric plexus is the major regulator of

A

GI motility

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10
Q

outermost serosa is the

A

visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

part of small intestine

A

duodenum

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12
Q

connective tissue layer deep to the mucosa

A

submucosa

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13
Q

composed of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers

A

muscularis externa

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14
Q

vilia increases the

A

surface area for absorption

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15
Q

protects the anterior opening of mouth

A

lips or labia

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16
Q

forms the lateral walls of the mouth

A

cheeks

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17
Q

forms the roof of the mouth

A

palate

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18
Q

anterior part of the palate is called?

why?

A

hard plate

because the bone underlies it

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19
Q

soft palate is unsupported by

A

bone and uvula

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20
Q

define uvula

A

fingerlike projection of the soft palate

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21
Q

soft palate rises to close off the

A

oral cavity from the nasal and pharyngeal passages during swallowing

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22
Q

occupies the floor of the oral cavity

A

muscular tongue

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23
Q

secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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24
Q

space between the lips and cheeks and teeth is

A

vestibule

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25
Q

area that lies within the teeth and gum is the

A

oral cavity proper

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26
Q

on each side of the mouth at its posterior end are masses of lymphoid tissue

A

palatine tonsils

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27
Q

covers the base of the tongue

A

lingual tonsil

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28
Q

part of the body’s def system

A

tonsils, along with other lymphoid tissues

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29
Q

begins the digestion of starchy food in the mouth

A

salivary amylase

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30
Q

common passageway for food, fluid and air

A

pharynx

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31
Q

behind the nasal cavity

A

nasalpharynx

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32
Q

extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis

A

oropharynx

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33
Q

extends from the epiglottis to the base of the larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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34
Q

food passageway that conducts food to the stomach by

A

peristalsis

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35
Q

superior end of esophagus’s walls contains

A

skeletal muscle

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36
Q

thickening of the smooth muscle layer at the esophagus stomach junction

A

cardioesophageal sphincter

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37
Q

cardioesophageal sphincter controls

A

food passage into the stomach

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38
Q

stomach is hidden by

A

liver and diaphragm

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39
Q

area surrounding the opening through which food enters the stomach

A

cardiac region

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40
Q

the expanded portion of the stomach, lateral to the cardiac region

A

fundus

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41
Q

terminal part of the stomach;

which is continuous with the small intestine through the;

A

pylorus

pyloric sphincter

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42
Q

concave medial surface of the stomach is the

its convex lateral surface is the

A

lesser curvature

greater curvature

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43
Q

extend from the lesser and greater curvatures

A

omenta

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44
Q

gastric glands of the mucosa secrete

A

hydrocloric acid and hydrolytic enzymes

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45
Q

convoluted tube about 2 meters long in a living person

A

small intestine

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46
Q

small intestine extends from

A

pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

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47
Q

small intestine is suspended by the

A

fall shaped mesentery

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48
Q

small intestine has 3 regions

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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49
Q

extends from the pyloric spincter for about 10 inches and curves around the head of the pancreas

A

duodenum

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50
Q

continuous with the duodenum, extends for about 8 feet

A

jejunum

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51
Q

terminal portion of the small intestine, about 12 feet long

A

ileum

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52
Q

ileum joins the large intestine at the

A

ileocecal valve

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53
Q

enzymes bound to the microvilli of the columnar epithelial cells

A

brush border enzymes

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54
Q

brush border enzymes produced by the pancreas and ducted into the duodenum via the

A

pancreatic duct

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55
Q

formed in the liver

A

Bile

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56
Q

at the duodenum, the ducts join to form the bulblike

and empty their products into the duodenal lumen through an opening called the

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

duodenal papilla

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57
Q

3 structural modifications that increase the absorptive area

A

microvili
billi
plicae circulares

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58
Q

Define microvilli

A

minute projections of the surface plasma membrane of the columnar epithelial cells of the mucosa

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59
Q

describe villi

A

fingerlike projections of the mucosa that give it a velvety appearance and texture

60
Q

another name for plicar circulares

A

circular folds

61
Q

describe circular folds

A

deep folds of the mucosal and submucosal layers that forces chyme to spiral through the intestine, mixing it and slowing its process to allow time for digestion and absorption

62
Q

any residue remaining undigested at the end of the small intestine enters the large intestine through the

A

ileocecal valve

63
Q

surface area increasing modifications decrease

A

in number toward the end of the small intestine

64
Q

local collections of lymphoid nodules found in the submucosa called

A

Peyer’s patches

65
Q

Peyer’s patches increase

A

along the length of the small intestine

66
Q

large intestine extends from the

A

ileocecal valve to the anus

67
Q

large intestine consists of

A 
cecum
appendix
colon
rectum
anal canal
68
Q

travels up the right side of the abdominal cavity;

makes a right angle turn at the

A

ascending colon

right colic (hepatic) flexture

69
Q

descending colon becomes the S shaped

A

sigmoid colon

70
Q

sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anal canal lie in the

are not considered

A

pelvis

abdominal cavity structures

71
Q

anal canal terminates in the

A

anus

72
Q

external sphincter of skeletal muscles

A

voluntary sphincter

73
Q

internal sphincter of smooth muscle

A

involuntary sphincter

74
Q

cause the wall to pucker into small pocketlike sacs called

A

haustra

75
Q

longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis externa

A

large intestine

76
Q

major function of the large intestine

A

is to compact and propel the fecal matter toward the anus and to eliminate it from the body

77
Q

large intestines provide a site for

A

intestinal bacteria to manufacture some vitamin B and K, which it then absorbs into the blood stream

78
Q

by the age 21, 2 sets of teeth have developed

A

the initial set, deciduous teeth

permanent teeth

79
Q

another name for deciduous teeth

A

milk teeth

80
Q

mixed dentition

A

some permanent and some deciduous teeth

81
Q

teeth are classified as

A

incisors
canines
premolars
molar

82
Q

another name of canines

A

eye teeth

83
Q

another name of premolars

A

bicuspids

84
Q

teeth names reflect differences in relative

A

structure and function

85
Q

used in biting

A

chisel shaped incisors

86
Q

used for tearing or piercing of food

A

canines

87
Q

incisors, canines and premolars typically have

A

single roots

88
Q

lower molars have how many roots?

upper molar

A

2

3

89
Q

premolars and molars have

A

broad crowns with rounded cusps specialized for the grinding of food

90
Q

dentition is described by means of a

A

dental formula

91
Q

dental formula specifies the

A

number, types, and position of the teeth in one side of the jaw

92
Q

a tooth consists of 2 major regions

A

crown and root

93
Q

enamel covered crown is the superior portion of the tooth visible above the

A

gum or gingiva

94
Q

hardest substance in the body

A

enamel

95
Q

enamel is brittle because

A

it is heavily mineralized with calcium salts

96
Q

that part of the tooth embedded in the jaw is the

A

root

97
Q

root and crown are connected

A

by a constricted neck

98
Q

outermost surface of the root is covered by

A

cement

99
Q

cementum attaches the tooth to the;

which holds the tooth in the;

A

periodontal ligament

alveolar socket

100
Q

comprises the bulk of the tooth

A

dentin

101
Q

dentin definition

A

bonelike material located deep to the enamel and cement

102
Q

occupies the core of the tooth;

supplied with;

A

pulp cavity

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, tooth sensation

103
Q

where the pulp cavity extends into the;

it becomes the

A

root

root canal

104
Q

empty their secretion into the oral cavity

A

3 pairs of major salivary glands

105
Q

3 pairs of major salivary glands

A

parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

106
Q

located along the medial aspect of the mandible via parotid duct into the mouth

A

parotid glands

107
Q

located along the medial aspect of the mandible in the floor of the mouth

A

submandibular glands

108
Q

small glands located most anteriorly in the floor of the mouth and emptying under the tongue via several small ducts

A

sublingual glands

109
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

110
Q

liver is located

A

inferior to the diaphragm. more to the right side of the body

111
Q

human liver has how many lobes

A

4

112
Q

digestive function of liver

A

to produce bile

113
Q

bile leave the liver through the;

and enters the duodenum via;

A

common hepatic duct

bile duct

114
Q

bile has no

A

enzymes but it emulsifies fat (breaks it down)

115
Q

bile creats a

A

large surface area for lipases

116
Q

without bile

A

little fat digestion or absorption occurs

117
Q

when digestive acitivity isnt occuring, bile backs up in the

A

cystic duct and enters the gallbladder

118
Q

define gallbladder

A

a small green sac on the inferior surface of the liver

119
Q

liver is important in the initial processing

A

of the nutrient rich blood draining the digestive organs

120
Q

remove debris such as bacteria from the blood

A

kupffer cells

121
Q

liver parenchyma picks up

A

oxygen and nutrients

122
Q

processed blood ultimately drains fro the liver via the

A

hepatic vein

123
Q

define pancreas

A

soft triangular gland that extends across the posterior adbdominal wall from the spleen to the duodenum

124
Q

pencreas is a

A

retroperitoneal organs, like duodenum

125
Q

pancreas has both

A

endrocine and exocrine

126
Q

produces the hormones insulin and glucagon

A

endocrine

127
Q

produces enzyme

A

exocrine

128
Q

pancreas produces

A

hydrolytic enzymes

129
Q

hydrolytic enzymes is secreted in an alkaline fluid into the duodenum via

A

the pancreatic duct

130
Q

pancreatic juice is very

A

alkanine

131
Q

large protein molecules produced by body cells

A

enzymes

132
Q

enzymes act as

A

biological catalysts

133
Q

digestive enzymes are

A

hydrolytic enzymes or hydrolases

134
Q

digestive enzymes and biles function

A

outside the body cells

135
Q

hydrolyzes proteins to small fragments

A

trypsin

136
Q

define BAPNA

A

synthetic human made protein substrate consisting of a dye covalently bound to an amino acid

137
Q

the presense of a yellow color indicates a

A

positive hydrolysis test

138
Q

very important in the overall food breakdown process

A

enzyme

139
Q

skeletal and smooth muscles are involved in

A

digestion

140
Q

movements during digestion

A

segmentation and peristalsis

141
Q

segmentation and peristalsis are most important as

A

mixing an propulsive mechanisms

142
Q

define segmental movements

A

local constrictions of the organ wall that occur rhythmically

143
Q

segmental movements serve mainly

A

to mix the foodstuff with digestive juices

144
Q

segmentation is important in

A

propelling food through the small intestine

145
Q

define peristaltic movement

A

major means of propelling food through most of the digestive viscera

Respiratory system (4 decks)

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