Respiratory System II

Question 1

Under pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary circulation has 2 divisions. Name those division.

Answer 1

1. High-Pressure, low-flow circulation
2. Low-pressure, high-flow circulation

Question 2

What is high pressure, low flow circulation?

Answer 2

Systemic arterial blood to the pulmonary airways and supporting tissues of the lungs

Question 3

What is low pressure, high-flow circulation?

Answer 3

Venous blood from all organs of the body to the alveolar capillaries for oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal.

Question 4

Name 3 pulmonary circulation vessels.

Answer 4

1. PULMONARY VESSELS
2. BRONCHIAL VESSELS
3. LYMPH VESSELS

Question 5

What is pulmonary vessels?

Answer 5

Pulmonary artery from the right ventricle and pulmonary vein to left atrium.

Question 6

What is bronchial vessels.

Answer 6

Bronchial arteries (oxygenated blood) systemic circulation.

Question 7

What is lymph vessels?

Answer 7

Drain fluid and plasma protein leaking from the lung capillaries to prevent pulmonary edema.

Question 8

Which one has high pressure between pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation?

Answer 8

Systematic circulation has highest pressure.
Pulmonary circulation has the low pressured system

Question 9

What is the pressure in the right ventricle?

Answer 9

Systolic pressure = 25 mmHg
Diastolic pressure range from 0 to 1 mmHg

Question 10

What is the Pressure in the pulmonary artery ?

Answer 10

Systolic pressure- 25 mmHg
Diastolic pulmonary- 8 mmHg

Question 11

What is pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?

Answer 11

The mean pulmonary capillary pressure is 7 mmHg

Question 12

What is left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure?

Answer 12

Range from low as 1 mmHg to as high as 5 mmHg

Question 13

Right side of the heart have low or high pressure?

Answer 13

Has low pressure

Question 14

values of blood volume

Answer 14

The lung blood volume of the is- 450 ml
Pulmonary capillaries blood volume- 70 ml

Question 15

What is happening in Zone 1

Answer 15

No blood flow. - physiological dead space

Question 16

What is happening in zone 2?

Answer 16

Intermittent blood flow

Question 17

Zone 1 called ?

Answer 17

Is Apex

Question 18

Zone 3 is the?

Answer 18

Base

Question 19

What is happening in zone 3?

Answer 19

Continuous blood flow
Physiological shunt

Question 20

True or false?
Zone 3 will have alot of blood?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Zone 1, how much is ventilation vs perfusion

Answer 21

More ventilation
less perfusion

Question 22

What are essential components of normal gas exchange.?

Answer 22

Ventilation and perfusion

Question 23

Define V/Q ratio

Answer 23

The ratio of ventilation to blood flow.

Question 24

Name the same characteristics of blood flow and blood ventilation.

Answer 24

Both gravity dependent
Decrease from bottom to top of lung

Question 25

What is the gradient flow of blood flow.

Answer 25

The gradient of blood flow is steeper than that of ventilation, so ventilation/perfusion ratio increases up lung

Question 26

The aveloar pressure makes the the vessels thin in zone 1. True or False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

List conditions of low ventilation/perfusion ratio

Answer 27

No ventilation, normal perfusion Hypoventilation, normal perfusion

Question 28

In zone 3 there is no compression of blood vessels. True of fasle

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The pressure of blood flow in blood vessels exceeds the pressure of alveolar. True or false

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Why are we having high ventilation on zone 1?

Question 31

Condition with high ventilation/perfusion ratio

Answer 31

Normal ventilation No perfusion (Physiologic dead space) Nirmal ventilation Hypoperfusion

Question 32

Describe diffusion of gases from alveoli to pulmonary capillary beds (02) and vice versa

Answer 32

All the gases (nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide) involved in respiratory Physiology move across fluid and tissues by diffusion. Gases move from high-concentration (partial pressure) area toward the low concentration area (partial pressures). Gas molecules exert force (pressure) on the surfaces of the respiratory airways and alveoli. The pressure exerted by an individual gas directly proportional to the concentration of the gas molecules. The rate of gas diffusion is directly proportional to pressure exerted by that gas- partial pressure.

Question 33

Composition of Alveolar air.

Answer 33

. Atmosphere is composed or 21% oxygen, 79% nitrogen, and less than 1% other gases, including Carbon dioxide. Total Atp of 760 mmHg at sea level

Question 34

Describe the factors that affect the rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane.

Answer 34

. Alveolar walls are very thin. . The walls of alveoli are in close contact capillaries . Gases in alveolar are in very close contact with the blood flowing in the pulmonary capillaries . Gases diffuse down concentration_ oxygen diffuse from alveolar into the red blood cell and carbon dioxide from capillaries into the alveolus

Question 35

The rate of gas diffusion through the pulmonary membrane.

Answer 35

1. The thickness of the respiratory membrane can increase as a result edema (left ventricular failure, mitral stenosis) 2. Surface area of the respiratory membrane decrease- Emphysema 3. The partial pressure difference of the gas between the two sides of the respiratory membrane - high altitude

Question 36

List the factors that affect rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane

Answer 36

Normal lungs Emphysema Asthma Fibrotic lungs disease Pulmonary edema

Question 37

Increased airway resistance, decreases alveolar ventilation. Bronchioles constricted PO2 is lower Name this factor?

Answer 37

Asthma

Question 38

Explain Emphysema

Answer 38

Destruction of alveoli means less surface area for gas exchange..PO2 is low

Question 39

Explain fibrotic lung disease

Answer 39

Thickened alveolar membrane slows gas exchange. Loss of lungs compliance mag decrease alveolar ventilation

Question 40

What is pulmonary edema

Answer 40

Fluid is interstitial space increases diffusion distance. Arterial Pco2 may be normal due to higher co2 solubility in water.