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Respiration Physiology > Respiratory System II > Flashcards

Respiratory System II Flashcards

1
Q

Under pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary circulation has 2 divisions. Name those division.

A
  1. High-Pressure, low-flow circulation
  2. Low-pressure, high-flow circulation
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2
Q

What is high pressure, low flow circulation?

A

Systemic arterial blood to the pulmonary airways and supporting tissues of the lungs

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3
Q

What is low pressure, high-flow circulation?

A

Venous blood from all organs of the body to the alveolar capillaries for oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal.

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4
Q

Name 3 pulmonary circulation vessels.

A
  1. PULMONARY VESSELS
  2. BRONCHIAL VESSELS
  3. LYMPH VESSELS
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5
Q

What is pulmonary vessels?

A

Pulmonary artery from the right ventricle and pulmonary vein to left atrium.

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6
Q

What is bronchial vessels.

A

Bronchial arteries (oxygenated blood) systemic circulation.

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7
Q

What is lymph vessels?

A

Drain fluid and plasma protein leaking from the lung capillaries to prevent pulmonary edema.

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8
Q

Which one has high pressure between pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation?

A

Systematic circulation has highest pressure.
Pulmonary circulation has the low pressured system

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9
Q

What is the pressure in the right ventricle?

A

Systolic pressure = 25 mmHg
Diastolic pressure range from 0 to 1 mmHg

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10
Q

What is the Pressure in the pulmonary artery ?

A

Systolic pressure- 25 mmHg
Diastolic pulmonary- 8 mmHg

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11
Q

What is pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?

A

The mean pulmonary capillary pressure is 7 mmHg

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12
Q

What is left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure?

A

Range from low as 1 mmHg to as high as 5 mmHg

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13
Q

Right side of the heart have low or high pressure?

A

Has low pressure

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14
Q

values of blood volume

A

The lung blood volume of the is- 450 ml
Pulmonary capillaries blood volume- 70 ml

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15
Q

What is happening in Zone 1

A

No blood flow. - physiological dead space

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16
Q

What is happening in zone 2?

A

Intermittent blood flow

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17
Q

Zone 1 called ?

A

Is Apex

18
Q

Zone 3 is the?

A

Base

19
Q

What is happening in zone 3?

A

Continuous blood flow
Physiological shunt

20
Q

True or false?
Zone 3 will have alot of blood?

A

True

21
Q

Zone 1, how much is ventilation vs perfusion

A

More ventilation
less perfusion

22
Q

What are essential components of normal gas exchange.?

A

Ventilation and perfusion

23
Q

Define V/Q ratio

A

The ratio of ventilation to blood flow.

24
Q

Name the same characteristics of blood flow and blood ventilation.

A

Both gravity dependent
Decrease from bottom to top of lung

25
Q

What is the gradient flow of blood flow.

A

The gradient of blood flow is steeper than that of ventilation, so ventilation/perfusion ratio increases up lung

26
Q

The aveloar pressure makes the the vessels thin in zone 1. True or False

A

True

27
Q

List conditions of low ventilation/perfusion ratio

A

No ventilation, normal perfusion
Hypoventilation, normal perfusion

28
Q

In zone 3 there is no compression of blood vessels. True of fasle

A

True

29
Q

The pressure of blood flow in blood vessels exceeds the pressure of alveolar. True or false

A

True

30
Q

Why are we having high ventilation on zone 1?

A
31
Q

Condition with high ventilation/perfusion ratio

A

Normal ventilation
No perfusion (Physiologic dead space)
Nirmal ventilation
Hypoperfusion

32
Q

Describe diffusion of gases from alveoli to pulmonary capillary beds (02) and vice versa

A

All the gases (nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide) involved in respiratory Physiology move across fluid and tissues by diffusion.
Gases move from high-concentration (partial pressure) area toward the low concentration area (partial pressures).
Gas molecules exert force (pressure) on the surfaces of the respiratory airways and alveoli.
The pressure exerted by an individual gas directly proportional to the concentration of the gas molecules.
The rate of gas diffusion is directly proportional to pressure exerted by that gas- partial pressure.

33
Q

Composition of Alveolar air.

A

. Atmosphere is composed or 21% oxygen, 79% nitrogen, and less than 1% other gases, including Carbon dioxide.
Total Atp of 760 mmHg at sea level

34
Q

Describe the factors that affect the rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane.

A

. Alveolar walls are very thin.
. The walls of alveoli are in close contact capillaries
. Gases in alveolar are in very close contact with the blood flowing in the pulmonary capillaries
. Gases diffuse down concentration_ oxygen diffuse from alveolar into the red blood cell and carbon dioxide from capillaries into the alveolus

35
Q

The rate of gas diffusion through the pulmonary membrane.

A
  1. The thickness of the respiratory membrane can increase as a result edema (left ventricular failure, mitral stenosis)
  2. Surface area of the respiratory membrane decrease- Emphysema
  3. The partial pressure difference of the gas between the two sides of the respiratory membrane - high altitude
36
Q

List the factors that affect rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane

A

Normal lungs
Emphysema
Asthma
Fibrotic lungs disease
Pulmonary edema

37
Q

Increased airway resistance, decreases alveolar ventilation.
Bronchioles constricted
PO2 is lower

Name this factor?

A

Asthma

38
Q

Explain Emphysema

A

Destruction of alveoli means less surface area for gas exchange..PO2 is low

39
Q

Explain fibrotic lung disease

A

Thickened alveolar membrane slows gas exchange. Loss of lungs compliance mag decrease alveolar ventilation

40
Q

What is pulmonary edema

A

Fluid is interstitial space increases diffusion distance. Arterial Pco2 may be normal due to higher co2 solubility in water.

Respiration Physiology (4 decks)

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