Regulation Of Respiration

Question 1

Name three separate mechanisms are involved in the Neural regulation of respiration

Answer 1

1. Respiratory center
2. Peripheral and central chemoreceptors
3. Autonomic nervous system

Question 2

The respiratory center composed of what?

Answer 2

Composed of neurons in the medulla oblongata and pons

Question 3

Autonomic nervous system is divided into 2. Name those 2

Answer 3

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerves

Question 4

Respiratory center is located where?

Answer 4

Brain stem

Question 5

Respiratory center located in the brain stem set basic rhythm of respiration of?

Answer 5

Medulla oblongata
Pons

Question 6

Respiratory center composed of three groups of neurons, list them

Answer 6

1. Dorsal respiratory group
2. Ventral respiratory group
3. Pneumotaxic center

Question 7

Dorsal respiratory group of respiratory center is located where?

Answer 7

Located within the nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 8

Dorsal respiratory group of respiratory center innervates?

Answer 8

Insipiratory muscle

Question 9

Dorsal respiratory group transmit nerve impulse go?

Answer 9

Insipiratory mucles

Question 10

The function of dorsal respiratory group.

Answer 10

Control rate and duration (ramp signal) inspiration (~2 seconds)

Question 11

Where is the pneumotaxi center located

Answer 11

Located dorsally in the superior portion of the pons

Question 12

Function of pneumotaxic center

Answer 12

Control inspiration period-control the switch off point of the insipiratory ramp.

Question 13

Explain the relationship between electrical impulses and rate of breathing base on pneumotaxic center

Answer 13

Increase rate of electrical impulses increase the rate of breathing
Decreased rate of electrical impulses decrease the rate of breathing
The relationship is inversely proportional.

Question 14

When does the ventral respiratory center inactive?

Answer 14

Inactive during normal quite breathing- at rest

Question 15

Where does the ventral respiratory center innervate?

Answer 15

Innervates both inspiratory and expiratory muscles

Question 16

When does it’s mainly contribute respiration? Ventral respiratory group

Answer 16

When pulmonary ventilation is greater than normal eg exercise

Question 17

Does ventral respiratory group send powerful electrical impulses? If it so where?

Answer 17

Yes it’s does
Send powerful electrical impulses to abdominal muscle to drive expiration during exercise

Question 18

Where chemosensitive neurons are located?

Answer 18

Located in the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata

Question 19

Sympathetic activation on respiration what is happening

Answer 19

1. Bronchodilation- bronchial miscle relaxation
2. Inhibit glandular secretion (decrease humidity)

Question 20

What is parasympathetic activation on respiration

Answer 20

1. Bronchoconstriction- bronchial muscle construct
2. Stimulate glandular secretions (increase humidity)

Question 21

Where are peripheral chemoreceptor system is located?

Answer 21

Outside the brain

Question 22

Majority of chemoreceptor are found where?

Answer 22

Carotid and aortic bodies

Question 23

Carotid and aortic bodies are composed of?

Answer 23

O2 sensitive cells called glomus cells

Question 24

What is the glomus cells detect?

Answer 24

Detect O2 levels in the blood

Question 25

Increase of PCO2 in the blood what happening?

Answer 25

CSF or the interstitial fluid of the medulla increases H+ formation

Question 26

CO2 indirectly stimulates what?

Answer 26

Chemosensitive area