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PE- Anatomy And Physiology > Respiratory System During Exercise And Recovery > Flashcards

Respiratory System During Exercise And Recovery Flashcards

1
Q 
Inspiration during exercise
-active/passive
-additional muscles
So, as a consequence...
-diaphragm and external intercostals
-rib cage
-volume of thoracic cavity
-pressure of air inside lungs
-large volume of air moves ...
-depth of breathing...
A
  • active
  • sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor
  • contracts n flattens more
  • up and out more
  • increases more
  • decreases more
  • in
  • increases
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2
Q 
Expiration during exercise
-active/passive
-additional muscles
So, as a consequence
-diaphragm and external intercostals
-rib cage
-volume of thoracic cavity
-pressure of air inside lungs
-a larger volume of air moves...
-and so rate of breathing...
A
  • Active
  • Internal intercostals and Rectus Abdominis
  • relax more
  • down and in more
  • decreases more
  • increases more
  • out
  • increases
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3
Q

Respiratory control centre

A

Controls the rate and depth of breathing

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4
Q

Inspiratory centre

A

Part of RCC that controls inspiration

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5
Q

Expiratory centre

A

Part of RCC that controls expiration

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6
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract

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7
Q

Intercostal nerve

A

Nerve that stimulates the external intercostals to contract

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8
Q

1st part of regulation
(4 receptors and their function)
1 chemical control/ 3 neural control

A

Chemical control)

1)Chemoreceptors, detect an increase in acidity (Co2)

Neural control)

2) Baroreceptors, detect increase in blood pressure
3) Proprioceptors, detect an increase in muscle activity
4) Thermoreceptors, detect increase in body temperat

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9
Q

2nd part of regulation

What informs what?

A

Receptors inform the RCC which controls the IC and EC

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10
Q

3rd part of regulation

Inspiratory centre

A

1) increases stimulation of phrenic nerve so diaphragm contracts with more force
2) increases stimulation of intercostal nerve which allows external intercostals to contract with more force
3) this stimulates additional muscles to contract (sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor)
4) this increases volume of thoracic cavity and decreases pressure in lungs more than at rest
5) more air rushes in, increasing depth

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11
Q

4th part of regulation

… reflex) how EC is activated

A

1) additional specialist baroreceptors or stretch receptors between ribs monitor level of stretch in lungs
2) Once threshold is met, the EC becomes active which initiates the additional muscles to contract to produce a faster and greater expiration
3) This is called the Hering Breuer reflex

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12
Q

5th part of regulation

EC

A

1) Stimulates additional muscles to contract (the Internal intercostals and Rectus Abdominis)
2) This decreases volume of thoracic cavity and increases pressure of air inside lungs more than at rest
3) more air rushes out, increasing breathing rate

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13
Q

What happens during recovery

A

1) All 4 receptors detect the opposite to what they detected during the beginning of exercise
2) they send info to RCC
3) the process is reversed
E.G. phrenic nerve isn’t stimulated so diaphragm contracts with less force than before

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14
Q

Effect of gaseous exchange at alveoli (oxygen and Co2)

A

1) Muscles using more 02 during exercise
2) deoxygenated blood returning to lungs has lower pp02 than at rest
3) steeper diffusion gradient between alveoli and blood
4) this causes faster and more efficient gas exchange
5) So, more 02 moves from alveoli and combines with haemoglobin in blood
6) CO2 is the same apart from more of it is being produced, so more is expired into alveoli from blood

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15
Q

Association

A

When 02 combines with haemoglobin through diffusion at lungs to give oxyhaemoglobin

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16
Q

Saturated

A

The amount of 02 combined with haemoglobin (usually expressed as a %)
Haemoglobin is 100% saturated at the lungs

17
Q

Dissociation

A

When 02 is released from haemoglobin through diffusion at muscles

18
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Shows the relationship between pp02 and % saturation of haemoglobin

19
Q

How does increased oxygen usage during exercise affect the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve

A
  • Decreases pp02 in muscle
  • So, a steeper diffusion gradient between muscle and blood
  • Causing more 02 to dissociate from haemoglobin
20
Q

What happens between oxygen and haemoglobin when body temperature increases during exercise

A

Oxygen dissociates from haemoglobin more readily

21
Q

When acidity levels increase during exercise, what happens between oxygen and haemoglobin

A

When lactic acid and carbonic acid increase blood acidity, oxygen dissociates more readily from haemoglobin.

22
Q

When an increased acidity causes the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to shift right, whats this called?

A

The Bohr shift

23
Q

Formula for Minute Ventilation (VE)

A

VE= f x TV

24
Q

Why does breathing frequency increase with exercise intensity?

A
  • Oxygen demand increases at muscles

- respiratory system must get a greater volume of O2 into lungs

25
Q

Why does breathing frequency plateaus at maximal exercise intensity?

A

There is a minimum time for inspiration to ensure enough 02 enters lungs

26
Q

Why does breathing frequency plateaus during sustained sub maximal exercise intensity?

A

Oxygen demand = oxygen supply

27
Q

Why does TV increase linearly with exercise intensity?

A

02 demand from muscles increases

Respiratory system must get a greater volume of oxygen into lungs

28
Q

Why does TV plateaus during sub maximal exercise intensity?

A

Increased breathing frequency means there isnt enough time during inspiration and expiration to breath in or out a greater volume of air

29
Q

Effect of sub maximal exercise on Minute ventilation (VE)

5 stages

A

1) increase before exercise due to anticipatory rise ( adrenalin)
2) Fast increase at start of exercise to cope with increased demand for 02 at muscles
3) VE plateaus, ( oxygen supply= oxygen demand)
4) fast decrease in first stage of recovery due to a decrease in demand for 02 at muscles
5) slower decrease at second stage to allow 02 consumption to remain above resting levels to allow lactic acid to be removed

30
Q

Effect of maximal exercise intensity on VE

A

(Differences to sub maximal)

  • no steady state reached, supply never catches demand
  • recovery much longer as higher intensity means more anaerobic work was done, so more lactic acid to remove
31
Q

Average persons breathing frequency ( Rest and Maximal)

A

Rest: 12
Maximal: 50

32
Q

Average persons tidal volume

rest , maximal

A

Rest: 0.5 L
Max: 2.5 L

33
Q

Average persons VE

Rest, max

A

Rest: 6 L/ min
Max: 125 L/min

34
Q

Trained athletes breathing frequency

Rest, max

A

Rest: 10
Max: 60

35
Q

Trained athletes tidal volume

Rest, max

A

Rest: 0.5 L
Max: 3 L

36
Q

Trained athletes VE

rest, max

A

Rest: 5 L/min
Max: 180 L/min

PE- Anatomy And Physiology (4 decks)

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