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PE- Anatomy And Physiology > Joints, movements And Muscles(1.1a) > Flashcards

Joints, movements And Muscles(1.1a) Flashcards

1
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  • Ball and Socket
  • Hinge
  • Condyloid
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2
Q

Ball and socket joint

1) examples
2) planes of movement

A

1) Hip, Shoulder
2) -frontal
- sagittal
- transverse

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3
Q

Hinge joint

1) examples
2) planes of movement

A

1) Elbow, Knee, Ankle

2) sagittal

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4
Q

Condyloid joint

1) examples
2) planes of movement

A

1) Wrist

2) frontal, sagittal

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5
Q

Flexion

A

Joint angle decreases

Sagittal

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6
Q

Extension

A

Joint angle increases

Sagittal

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7
Q

Abduction

A

Limb moves away from midline

Frontal

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8
Q

Adduction

A

Limb moves towards midline

Frontal

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9
Q

Horizontal flexion

A

Limb parallel to ground moves forward

Transverse

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10
Q

Horizontal extension

A

Limb parallel to ground moves backwards

Transverse

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11
Q

Medial rotation

A

Limb turns about its longitudinal axis towards midline of body
(Transverse)

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12
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Limb turns about its longitudinal axis away from midline of body
(Transverse)

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13
Q

Circumduction

A

Limb moves to describe a cone. Draws circle

Multiplane

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14
Q

Dorsi- Flexion

A

Toes lifted up towards shin

Sagittal

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15
Q

Plantar-flexion

A

Toes pointed down towards ground

Sagittal

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16
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs at shoulder

A

1) Anterior Deltoid/Posterior Deltoid
2) Medial Deltoid/ Latissimus Dorsi
3) Pectoralis Major/Teres Minor

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17
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at Elbow

A

Bicep Brachii/Tricep Brachii

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18
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at Wrist

A

Wrist Flexors/ Wrist Extensors

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19
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs at Hip

A

1) Iliopsoas/ Gluteus Maximus

2) Gluteus Medias and Minimus/ Adductor Longus, Brevis and Magnus

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20
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at Knee

A 
Hamstring group
-Biceps femoris
-Semi- Membranosus
-Semi-Tendinosus
/
Quadriceps group
-Rectus Femoris
-Vastus Lateralis
-Vastus Intermedius
-Vastus Medialis
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21
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at ankle

A

Tibialis Anterior/ Gastrocnemius & Soleus

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22
Q

Types of movement at hip joint

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction 
Adduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
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23
Q

Flexion at Hip joint

1) plane of movement
2) agonist muscle
3) antagonist muscle
4) fixator muscle

A

1) sagittal
2) Iliopsoas
3) Gluteus Maximus
4) Latissimus dorsi

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24
Q

Extension at Hip joint

1) plane of movement
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) sagittal
2) Gluteus Maximus
3) Iliopsoas
4) Latissimus dorsi

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25
Q

Abduction at Hip joint

1) plane of movement
2) Agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) frontal
2) Gluteus Medias and Minimus
3) Adductor Longus, Brevis, Magnus
4) Latissimus dorsi

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26
Q

Adduction at Hip joint

1) plane of movement
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) frontal
2) Adductor Longus Brevis and Magnus
3) Gluteus Medias and Minimus
4) Iliopsoas

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27
Q

Medial rotation at Hip joint

1) plane of movement
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) transverse
2) Gluteus Medias and Minimus
3) Gluteus Maximus
4) Latissimus dorsi and Iliopsoas

28
Q

Lateral rotation at Hip

1) plane of movement
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) transverse
2) Gluteus maximus
3) Gluteus Medias and Minimus
4) Latissimus dorsi

29
Q

Flexion at shoulder joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) sagittal
2) Anterior Deltoid
3) Posterior Deltoid
4) Trapezius

30
Q

Extension at shoulder joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) sagittal
2) Posterior Deltoid
3) Anterior Deltoid
4) Trapezius

31
Q

Abduction at shoulder joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) frontal
2) medial Deltoid
3) Latissimus dorsi
4) Trapezius

32
Q

Adduction at shoulder joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) frontal
2) Latissimus dorsi
3) Medial Deltoid
4) Trapezius

33
Q

Horizontal Flexion at shoulder

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator (not in spec)

A

1) transverse
2) Pectoralis Major
3) Teres Minor

34
Q

Horizontal Extension

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) transverse
2) Teres Minor
3) Pectoralis Major
4) Trapezius

35
Q

Medial rotation at shoulder joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) transverse
2) Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Latissimus dorsi
3) Posterior Deltoid,Teres Minor
4) Trapezius

36
Q

Lateral rotation at shoulder joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) transverse
2) Posterior Deltoid, Teres Minor
3) Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Latissimus dorsi
4) Trapezius

37
Q

Circumduction at shoulder joint

1) plane of movement
2) agonist /antagonist / fixator

A

1) multiplane

2) A combination of all shoulder joint muscles

38
Q

Flexion at Knee joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator
5) sporting example

A

1)sagittal
2)Hamstring group:
Biceps femoris
Semi-membranosus
Semi-Tendinosus
3)Quadriceps group
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis
4)Gluteus Maximus
5)Preparation phase of a kick

39
Q

Extension at Knee joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator
5) sporting example

A

1)sagittal
2)Quadriceps group:
Rectus femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis
3)Hamstring group:
Biceps femoris
Semi-membranosus
Semi-Tendinosus
4)Iliopsoas
5)driving phase of rowing stroke

40
Q

Plantar Flexion at ankle joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator
5) sporting example

A

1) sagittal
2) Gastrocnemius and Soleus
3) Tibialis Anterior
4) Quadriceps group
5) taking a long shot in football

41
Q

Dorsi Flexion at Ankle joint

1) plane
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator
5) sporting example

A

1) sagittal
2) tibialis Anterior
3) Gastrocnemius and Soleus
4) Hamstring group
5) controlling the ball from a lob pass in football

42
Q

Types of contraction

A

1) Isotonic

2) Isometric

43
Q

Isotonic description and types

A

The muscle is changing length while exerting a force.

1) Concentric Isotonic (muscle shortens)
2) Eccentric Isotonic (muscle lengthens)

44
Q

Isometric description

A

The muscle is not changing length while exerting a force

Stops movement

45
Q

Concentric Isotonic description

A

Muscle shortens while exerting force

It causes movement

46
Q

Eccentric Isotonic description

A

Muscle lengthens while exerting force
Controls movement
-Muscle acts like a break to control lowering movement of press up
-muscle usually works against gravity

47
Q

Concentric Isotonic example

A

Triceps brachii and pectoralis major in upwards phase of press up

48
Q

Eccentric Isotonic example

A

Triceps brachii and Pectoralis major when performing downward phase of press up

49
Q

Isometric example

A

Gymnastic balance

i.e. Biceps brachii and triceps brachii when holding a handstand

50
Q

Motor unit definition

A

A motor neuron plus all the muscle fibres it innervates

51
Q

Motor unit function

A

To carry impulses from the Central Nervous System (the Brain and Spinal cord) to the muscle fibres to initiate muscular contraction

52
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

53
Q

Axon

A

Carries the electrical impulse from cell body to neuromuscular junction

54
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

The point where motor neuron communicates with muscle fibre across a space called the synapse

55
Q

Synapse

A

The space between motor neuron and skeletal muscle

56
Q

Motor end plate

A

The area of muscle fibre that establishes synaptic contact with motor neuron

57
Q

1st part of nervous stimulation:

Resting potential definition

A

The neuron at rest. There is a lower charge inside the neuron than outside

58
Q

2nd part of nervous stimulation:

Action potential definition

A

The electrical activity carried down the axon

59
Q

3rd part of nervous stimulation:

Neurotransmitter definition

A

Chemical messenger that transmits across the synapse and binds to muscle fibres to initiate contraction

60
Q

4th part of Nervous stimulation:

Acetyl Choline definition

A

The neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction that travels across the synapse

61
Q

5th part of Nervous stimulation:

All or None Law definition

A

If the action potential threshold is reached, all muscle fibres in motor unit are activated.
If its not reached- no muscle fibres are activated

62
Q

Effect of number of motor units recruited

A

Greater strength of stimulus from CNS-
Then, the greater the number of motor units recruited,
And, the greater force of contraction at the muscle

63
Q

Types of motor units recruited and in order from first

A

Type 1, Type 2a, Type 2b

64
Q

Type 1 motor unit description

A

Small
Produce low force of contraction
Over long period of time

65
Q

Type 2a motor unit description

A

The force and time of contraction is in between Type 1 and Type 2b

66
Q

Type 2b motor unit description

A

Large
Greatest force of contraction
Shortest period of time

PE- Anatomy And Physiology (4 decks)

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