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PE- Anatomy And Physiology > Joints, movements And Muscles(1.1a) > Flashcards

Joints, movements And Muscles(1.1a) Flashcards

1
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  • Ball and Socket
  • Hinge
  • Condyloid
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2
Q

Ball and socket joint

1) examples
2) planes of movement

A

1) Hip, Shoulder
2) -frontal
- sagittal
- transverse

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3
Q

Hinge joint

1) examples
2) planes of movement

A

1) Elbow, Knee, Ankle

2) sagittal

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4
Q

Condyloid joint

1) examples
2) planes of movement

A

1) Wrist

2) frontal, sagittal

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5
Q

Flexion

A

Joint angle decreases

Sagittal

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6
Q

Extension

A

Joint angle increases

Sagittal

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7
Q

Abduction

A

Limb moves away from midline

Frontal

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8
Q

Adduction

A

Limb moves towards midline

Frontal

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9
Q

Horizontal flexion

A

Limb parallel to ground moves forward

Transverse

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10
Q

Horizontal extension

A

Limb parallel to ground moves backwards

Transverse

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11
Q

Medial rotation

A

Limb turns about its longitudinal axis towards midline of body
(Transverse)

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12
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Limb turns about its longitudinal axis away from midline of body
(Transverse)

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13
Q

Circumduction

A

Limb moves to describe a cone. Draws circle

Multiplane

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14
Q

Dorsi- Flexion

A

Toes lifted up towards shin

Sagittal

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15
Q

Plantar-flexion

A

Toes pointed down towards ground

Sagittal

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16
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs at shoulder

A

1) Anterior Deltoid/Posterior Deltoid
2) Medial Deltoid/ Latissimus Dorsi
3) Pectoralis Major/Teres Minor

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17
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at Elbow

A

Bicep Brachii/Tricep Brachii

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18
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at Wrist

A

Wrist Flexors/ Wrist Extensors

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19
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs at Hip

A

1) Iliopsoas/ Gluteus Maximus

2) Gluteus Medias and Minimus/ Adductor Longus, Brevis and Magnus

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20
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at Knee

A 
Hamstring group
-Biceps femoris
-Semi- Membranosus
-Semi-Tendinosus
/
Quadriceps group
-Rectus Femoris
-Vastus Lateralis
-Vastus Intermedius
-Vastus Medialis
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21
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair at ankle

A

Tibialis Anterior/ Gastrocnemius & Soleus

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22
Q

Types of movement at hip joint

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction 
Adduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
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23
Q

Flexion at Hip joint

1) plane of movement
2) agonist muscle
3) antagonist muscle
4) fixator muscle

A

1) sagittal
2) Iliopsoas
3) Gluteus Maximus
4) Latissimus dorsi

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24
Q

Extension at Hip joint

1) plane of movement
2) agonist
3) antagonist
4) fixator

A

1) sagittal
2) Gluteus Maximus
3) Iliopsoas
4) Latissimus dorsi

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25
Abduction at Hip joint 1) plane of movement 2) Agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) frontal 2) Gluteus Medias and Minimus 3) Adductor Longus, Brevis, Magnus 4) Latissimus dorsi
26
Adduction at Hip joint 1) plane of movement 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) frontal 2) Adductor Longus Brevis and Magnus 3) Gluteus Medias and Minimus 4) Iliopsoas
27
Medial rotation at Hip joint 1) plane of movement 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) transverse 2) Gluteus Medias and Minimus 3) Gluteus Maximus 4) Latissimus dorsi and Iliopsoas
28
Lateral rotation at Hip 1) plane of movement 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) transverse 2) Gluteus maximus 3) Gluteus Medias and Minimus 4) Latissimus dorsi
29
Flexion at shoulder joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) sagittal 2) Anterior Deltoid 3) Posterior Deltoid 4) Trapezius
30
Extension at shoulder joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) sagittal 2) Posterior Deltoid 3) Anterior Deltoid 4) Trapezius
31
Abduction at shoulder joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) frontal 2) medial Deltoid 3) Latissimus dorsi 4) Trapezius
32
Adduction at shoulder joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) frontal 2) Latissimus dorsi 3) Medial Deltoid 4) Trapezius
33
Horizontal Flexion at shoulder 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator (not in spec)
1) transverse 2) Pectoralis Major 3) Teres Minor
34
Horizontal Extension 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) transverse 2) Teres Minor 3) Pectoralis Major 4) Trapezius
35
Medial rotation at shoulder joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) transverse 2) Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Latissimus dorsi 3) Posterior Deltoid,Teres Minor 4) Trapezius
36
Lateral rotation at shoulder joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator
1) transverse 2) Posterior Deltoid, Teres Minor 3) Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Latissimus dorsi 4) Trapezius
37
Circumduction at shoulder joint 1) plane of movement 2) agonist /antagonist / fixator
1) multiplane | 2) A combination of all shoulder joint muscles
38
Flexion at Knee joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator 5) sporting example
1)sagittal 2)Hamstring group: Biceps femoris Semi-membranosus Semi-Tendinosus 3)Quadriceps group Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Intermedius Vastus Medialis 4)Gluteus Maximus 5)Preparation phase of a kick
39
Extension at Knee joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator 5) sporting example
1)sagittal 2)Quadriceps group: Rectus femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Intermedius Vastus Medialis 3)Hamstring group: Biceps femoris Semi-membranosus Semi-Tendinosus 4)Iliopsoas 5)driving phase of rowing stroke
40
Plantar Flexion at ankle joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator 5) sporting example
1) sagittal 2) Gastrocnemius and Soleus 3) Tibialis Anterior 4) Quadriceps group 5) taking a long shot in football
41
Dorsi Flexion at Ankle joint 1) plane 2) agonist 3) antagonist 4) fixator 5) sporting example
1) sagittal 2) tibialis Anterior 3) Gastrocnemius and Soleus 4) Hamstring group 5) controlling the ball from a lob pass in football
42
Types of contraction
1) Isotonic | 2) Isometric
43
Isotonic description and types
The muscle is changing length while exerting a force. 1) Concentric Isotonic (muscle shortens) 2) Eccentric Isotonic (muscle lengthens)
44
Isometric description
The muscle is not changing length while exerting a force | Stops movement
45
Concentric Isotonic description
Muscle shortens while exerting force | It causes movement
46
Eccentric Isotonic description
Muscle lengthens while exerting force Controls movement -Muscle acts like a break to control lowering movement of press up -muscle usually works against gravity
47
Concentric Isotonic example
Triceps brachii and pectoralis major in upwards phase of press up
48
Eccentric Isotonic example
Triceps brachii and Pectoralis major when performing downward phase of press up
49
Isometric example
Gymnastic balance | i.e. Biceps brachii and triceps brachii when holding a handstand
50
Motor unit definition
A motor neuron plus all the muscle fibres it innervates
51
Motor unit function
To carry impulses from the Central Nervous System (the Brain and Spinal cord) to the muscle fibres to initiate muscular contraction
52
Neuron
A nerve cell
53
Axon
Carries the electrical impulse from cell body to neuromuscular junction
54
Neuromuscular junction
The point where motor neuron communicates with muscle fibre across a space called the synapse
55
Synapse
The space between motor neuron and skeletal muscle
56
Motor end plate
The area of muscle fibre that establishes synaptic contact with motor neuron
57
1st part of nervous stimulation: | Resting potential definition
The neuron at rest. There is a lower charge inside the neuron than outside
58
2nd part of nervous stimulation: | Action potential definition
The electrical activity carried down the axon
59
3rd part of nervous stimulation: | Neurotransmitter definition
Chemical messenger that transmits across the synapse and binds to muscle fibres to initiate contraction
60
4th part of Nervous stimulation: | Acetyl Choline definition
The neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction that travels across the synapse
61
5th part of Nervous stimulation: | All or None Law definition
If the action potential threshold is reached, all muscle fibres in motor unit are activated. If its not reached- no muscle fibres are activated
62
Effect of number of motor units recruited
Greater strength of stimulus from CNS- Then, the greater the number of motor units recruited, And, the greater force of contraction at the muscle
63
Types of motor units recruited and in order from first
Type 1, Type 2a, Type 2b
64
Type 1 motor unit description
Small Produce low force of contraction Over long period of time
65
Type 2a motor unit description
The force and time of contraction is in between Type 1 and Type 2b
66
Type 2b motor unit description
Large Greatest force of contraction Shortest period of time

PE- Anatomy And Physiology (4 decks)

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