Respiratory System Chp. 22 (Test 3)

Question 1

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

supply body with oxygen, dispose of carbon dioxide, produces sound, olfaction, control body pH, creates pressure gradient between thorax and abdomen, involved in making angiotensin II, assists in expulsion of abdominal contents, and childbirth.

Question 2

List the anatomy of the respiratory system.

Answer 2

Figure 22.1 Pg. 802
nasal cavity, nostril, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, carina (bifurcation) of trachea, primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, right lung, left lung, diaphragm.

Question 3

What is the conducting division?

Answer 3

passages of airflow. nostrils through bronchioles.

Question 4

What is the respiratory division?

Answer 4

site of gas exchange.

Question 5

What is the upper respiratory system?

Answer 5

nose, pharynx, larynx.

Question 6

What is the lower respiratory system?

Answer 6

trachea through lungs.

Question 7

What is the basic anatomy of the nose?

Answer 7

Figure 22.3 Pg. 804

nostril, nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior), nasal meatuses (superior, middle, inferior), frontal sinus,

Question 8

What is the basic functions of the nose?

Answer 8

produces mucus. filters, warms, and moistens incoming air. resonance chamber for speech. receptors for sense of smell.

Question 9

What are the three divisions of the pharynx and what they include?

Answer 9

1. nasopharynx: pharyngeal tonsil, opening of the pharyngotympanic tube, and uvula.
2. oropharynx: palatine tonsil and isthmus of the fauces.
3. laryngopharynx: space right before the larynx.

Question 10

What is the basic anatomy of the larynx?

Answer 10

Figure 22.3 Pg. 804
Figure 22.4 Pg. 807
Figure 22.5 Pg. 808
epiglottis, vestibular fold, thyroid cartilage, vocal fold, and cricoid cartilage.

Question 11

What is the specific function of the larynx?

Answer 11

air passageway. prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract. voice production.

Question 12

What is the location of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 12

in neck, just below epiglottis, in front of the vocal cords.

Question 13

What is the location of the epiglottis?

Answer 13

in the laryngopharynx area, just about the trachea. flaps downward to cover opening of trachea.

Question 14

Identify the vocal folds.

Answer 14

Vestibular fold (false vocal cord) and vocal fold (true vocal cord)

Question 15

How do you distinguish between the vocal folds and vestibular folds?

Answer 15

the vestibular fold is the top vocal cord and the vocal fold is the lower vocal cord.

Question 16

How do you change pitch when making a sound?

Answer 16

it’s changed by the tightness of folds.

Question 17

How do you change loudness when making a sound?

Answer 17

it’s changed by the amount of air passing over the folds.

Question 18

Describe the anatomy of the trachea.

Answer 18

Figure 22.6 Pg. 810

Trachealis muscle, mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, and adventitia.

Question 19

What is the trachealis?

Answer 19

The trachealis is smooth muscle that covers the open side of the trachea. is for the expansion of the esophagus when swallowing food.

Question 20

What is the pathway of the bronchial tree?

Answer 20

primary bronchi –> secondary bronchi –> tertiary bronchi –> bronchioles.

Question 21

What is different about bronchioles?

Answer 21

they are less than 1mm in diameter. they contain rings of smooth muscle.

Question 22

Describe the anatomy of the lungs?

Answer 22

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli.

Question 23

What are the alveoli?

Answer 23

functional units of lungs.

Question 24

What are squamous alveolar cells?

Answer 24

cells that compose the wall of the alveoli.

Question 25

What are great alveolar cells?

Answer 25

lipoprotein produce surfactant. surfactant decreases surface tension which keeps the alveoli form collapsing.

Question 26

What are alveolar macrophages?

Answer 26

attack pathogens that enter via alveoli.

Question 27

What is the arrangement of the pleurae?

Answer 27

parietal pleura- outer layer
pleural fluid
visceral pleura- inner layer

Question 28

What is the functions of the pleura?

Answer 28

1. prevents friction
2. pressure gradient: pleural cavity pressure is less than pressure in the lungs.
3. provides separation of the two lungs