Blood Vessels Chp. 19 (Test 3) Flashcards
How is blood pressure controlled?
neural control and hormonal control.
What is neural control?
it is part of the autonomic nervous system. short-term control. the vasomotor control center in the medulla oblongata.
sympathetic nervous system –> vasocontrict
parasympathetic nervous system –> vasodilate
What is hormonal control?
short-term and long-term control
What hormones affect blood pressure?
Epinephrine/norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide.
How does epinephrine and norepinephrine control blood pressure?
they cause vasoconstriction which increases blood pressure.
How does angiotensin II control blood pressure?
causes the release of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.
How does aldosterone control blood pressure?
causes vasoconstriction which increases blood pressure.
How does antidiuretic hormone control blood pressure?
decreases urine volume, which increases blood pressure.
How does atrial natriuretic peptide control blood pressure?
it’s made in the right atrium when there is excessive pressure in the right atrium during atrial diastole. it acts on the kidneys to promote sodium excretion. this decreases blood volume which decreases blood pressure.
What is autoregulation?
organs ability to regulate it’s own blood pressure.
What is circulatory shock?
any state where cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body’s needs. (inadequate peripheral blood flow and/or blood doesn’t circulate normally)
What are the three types of shock?
hypovolemic shock, vascular shock, and cardiogenic shock.
What is hypovolemic shock and an example?
most common. low blood volume. to correct, your heart rate increases, a thready pulse, intense vasoconstriction. treatment would be to replace fluids rapidly. an example would be from hemorrhage from trauma such as a bleeding ulcer.
What is vascular shock and an example?
normal blood volume, blood is pooling in limbs, dropping venous return. vasodilation. examples are g forces, standing, anaphylaxis, septic shock.
What is cardiogenic shock and an example?
inadequate pumping by the heart. usually a myocardial infarction.
How does the body tried to correct circulatory shock?
the body tries to correct circulatory shock by releasing vasoconstrictors.
What is coronary atherosclerosis?
fatty deposits form in lumen of arteries. obstructs the lumen. it breaks down the arterial wall.
How does coronary atherosclerosis start?
when damage occurs to the tunica intima of an artery.
What are the common risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis?
age, male, heredity, hypertension, tobacco use, diet, lifestyle, stress, inflammation.
What is the basic treatment plans for coronary atherosclerosis?
control the risk factors and exercise.
medication: statins- lower LDL (cholesterol) aspirin- prevents clots.
angioplasty, coronary bypass, stents, mesh.
What is hypertension?
most common cardiovascular disease. blood pressure is greater than 140 mmHg/90 mmHg.
Why is it often called the “silent killer”?
it has no real obvious system for years.
Why is hypertension so dangerous?`
high pressure increases the afterload, which is when the left ventricle works harder and the begin to enlarge, causing coronary ischemia. the walls turn flabby, making a less efficient pump. causing damage to arterial walls. this can cause cerebral vessels to rupture and kidney failure.
What are the common treatments for hypertension?
lifestyle changes.
drugs: diuretics- decrease blood volume and decrease blood pressure
ACE Inhibitor: block formation of angiotension II
betablocker: stops vasocontrictive action of sympathetic nervous system.
Ca channel blockers: slows influx of Ca
