Blood Vessels Chp. 19 (Test 3)

Question 1

How is blood pressure controlled?

Answer 1

neural control and hormonal control.

Question 2

What is neural control?

Answer 2

it is part of the autonomic nervous system. short-term control. the vasomotor control center in the medulla oblongata.
sympathetic nervous system –> vasocontrict
parasympathetic nervous system –> vasodilate

Question 3

What is hormonal control?

Answer 3

short-term and long-term control

Question 4

What hormones affect blood pressure?

Answer 4

Epinephrine/norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 5

How does epinephrine and norepinephrine control blood pressure?

Answer 5

they cause vasoconstriction which increases blood pressure.

Question 6

How does angiotensin II control blood pressure?

Answer 6

causes the release of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.

Question 7

How does aldosterone control blood pressure?

Answer 7

causes vasoconstriction which increases blood pressure.

Question 8

How does antidiuretic hormone control blood pressure?

Answer 8

decreases urine volume, which increases blood pressure.

Question 9

How does atrial natriuretic peptide control blood pressure?

Answer 9

it’s made in the right atrium when there is excessive pressure in the right atrium during atrial diastole. it acts on the kidneys to promote sodium excretion. this decreases blood volume which decreases blood pressure.

Question 10

What is autoregulation?

Answer 10

organs ability to regulate it’s own blood pressure.

Question 11

What is circulatory shock?

Answer 11

any state where cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body’s needs. (inadequate peripheral blood flow and/or blood doesn’t circulate normally)

Question 12

What are the three types of shock?

Answer 12

hypovolemic shock, vascular shock, and cardiogenic shock.

Question 13

What is hypovolemic shock and an example?

Answer 13

most common. low blood volume. to correct, your heart rate increases, a thready pulse, intense vasoconstriction. treatment would be to replace fluids rapidly. an example would be from hemorrhage from trauma such as a bleeding ulcer.

Question 14

What is vascular shock and an example?

Answer 14

normal blood volume, blood is pooling in limbs, dropping venous return. vasodilation. examples are g forces, standing, anaphylaxis, septic shock.

Question 15

What is cardiogenic shock and an example?

Answer 15

inadequate pumping by the heart. usually a myocardial infarction.

Question 16

How does the body tried to correct circulatory shock?

Answer 16

the body tries to correct circulatory shock by releasing vasoconstrictors.

Question 17

What is coronary atherosclerosis?

Answer 17

fatty deposits form in lumen of arteries. obstructs the lumen. it breaks down the arterial wall.

Question 18

How does coronary atherosclerosis start?

Answer 18

when damage occurs to the tunica intima of an artery.

Question 19

What are the common risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis?

Answer 19

age, male, heredity, hypertension, tobacco use, diet, lifestyle, stress, inflammation.

Question 20

What is the basic treatment plans for coronary atherosclerosis?

Answer 20

control the risk factors and exercise.
medication: statins- lower LDL (cholesterol) aspirin- prevents clots.
angioplasty, coronary bypass, stents, mesh.

Question 21

What is hypertension?

Answer 21

most common cardiovascular disease. blood pressure is greater than 140 mmHg/90 mmHg.

Question 22

Why is it often called the “silent killer”?

Answer 22

it has no real obvious system for years.

Question 23

Why is hypertension so dangerous?`

Answer 23

high pressure increases the afterload, which is when the left ventricle works harder and the begin to enlarge, causing coronary ischemia. the walls turn flabby, making a less efficient pump. causing damage to arterial walls. this can cause cerebral vessels to rupture and kidney failure.

Question 24

What are the common treatments for hypertension?

Answer 24

lifestyle changes.
drugs: diuretics- decrease blood volume and decrease blood pressure
ACE Inhibitor: block formation of angiotension II
betablocker: stops vasocontrictive action of sympathetic nervous system.
Ca channel blockers: slows influx of Ca