Respiratory System Anatomy Flashcards
What are the requirements to breath?
An open away
Effective muscles of respiration
A non-toxic atmosphere
Stable chest wall
Ability of the lungs to expand and contract
Free passage of gas from the alveoli and blood
Good circulation
Percentage of oxygen inspired
21%
Percentage of oxygen expired
16%
percentage of c02 inspired
0.04%
percentage of co2 expired
4%
Pulmonary ventilation is?
movement of air in and out of the lungs
External respiration is?
movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood stream and co2 from the blood stream into the lungs
internal respiration is?
movement of oxygen from the bloodstream into the cells and tissues and co2 from the cells and tissues into the bloodstream
upper airway is?
nose to larynx
lower airway is?
trachea to alveoli
list the anatomy of the nasal cavity
nasal septum,
vestibule,
nasal conchae (turbulent air)
olfactory region
anatomy of the pharynx (in order)
nasopharynx,
oropharynx
Laryngopharnyx
Lower airway anatomy (in order)
Trachea,
carina,
left and right bronchus,
secondary bronchi,
tertiary bronchi,
Bronchioles,
alveoli.
how many lobes in each lung (right/left)
3 lobes in the right
2 lobes in the left
the entry point of the lungs for blood vessels, bronchi, lymph vessels, nerves is called?
The Hilum
the 2 layers of serous membrane are called?
Visceral and Parietal layer
What is in between the visceral and parietal layer?
pleural cavity
how many alveoli per lung?
150 million
How many intercostal spaces and muscles are they?
11 pairs of intercostal muscles, 12 spaces
name the 3 accessory muscles used in respiration
sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor/major
what is the main muscle used in respiration?
the diaphragm
what is anatomical dead space and the volume?
the residual volume which remains in the air passage but isn’t involved in alveoli exchange. 150mls
what is tidal volume and the volume of this?
the amount of air that passes through and out the lung during quiet breathing. 500mls
what is the inspiratory reserve volume and what is the volume of this?
the extra amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs during maximal inspiration. 3100mls
what is inspiratory capacity and the volume?
the amount of air that can be inspired, this is tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume 3600mls
what is functional residual volume and the volume of this?
the amount of air remaining in the air passages and alveoli at the end of quiet expiration, the functional residual volume helps prevent the alveoli collapsing upon expiration. 2400mls
what is the expiratory reserve volume
the largest amount of air that can be expired during maximal expiration 1200mls
what is residual volume
amount of air left in the lungs following forced expiration 1200mls
what is vital capacity
maximum volume of air which can be moved in and out of the lungs 4800mls
which bronchus is shorter and more vertical
right main bronchus
what are the accessory muscles used in respiration?
Sternomascloid, Scalene and Pectoralis major/minor
What nerve controls the diaphragm?
The Phrenic Nerve
The pharynx is where in correlation to the spine?
Anterior
if either of the pleural cavity membranes puncture what happens?
Air will enter and fill the pleural cavity
What connects the pharynx and the trachea?
The larynx
Where are Central Chemoreceptors located?
The medulla oblongata
What is the respiratory control centre in the brain?
The medulla oblongata
How many C shaped rings make up the trachea?
16-20
Define Pulmonary ventiliation
Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs
What does the nasal conchae do?
Creates turbulent airflow which keeps the air in the cavity for longer to aid with warming and filtering
What system(s) is the pharynx a part of?
digestive and respiratory
Where does the larynx move when swallowing
Upwards
what nervous system causes the lungs to inflate and deflate?
autonomous nervous system
what is the fluid called that coats the alveoli
surfactant
what shape is the epiglottis?
Leaf shaped
Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs occurs through which blood vessel?
The pulmonary arteries
Waste product of cell respiration
CO2
Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to?
Nasopharynx
What is the total lung capacity
6000mls
where does the trachea sit?
Anteriorly to the oesophagus
Main muscle in respiration is?
the diaphragm
The palatine tonsils are located where?
Oropharynx
Largest part of the larynx
Thyroid Cartilage
Value of carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma
7%
Value of carbon dioxide that turn into bicarbonate ions in the blood
70%
value of carbon dioxide that combines with the global portion of haemoglobin to from carbaminohaemoglobin
23%
Normal pH level
7.35-7.45
what stops the lungs from over inflating?
The pnemotaxic area in the pons
