Learning Disabilities Flashcards
what is a learning difficulty
an impairment that does not affect intellect (ADHD, dyslexia)
what is a learning disability
significant reduced ability to
understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social
functioning), which started before adulthood’.
what age is the learning disability label given to people
18 years old
mild learning disability is
approximate IQ range of around 50-69 IQ. `Mental age 9-12 years. Can still maintain good social relationships and contribute to society.
moderate learning disability is
approximate IQ range of around 35-49 IQ mental age 6-9 years. Adults will need varying levels of support to live and work in the community.
severe learning disability is
approximate IQ range of around 20-34 IQ mental age 3-6 years. Likely to result in continuous need of support.
profound learning disability is
IQ under 20 mental of below 3 years. results in severe limitation in self-care, continence, communication and mobility.
causes of learning disabilities
genetics
events before birth
events during birth
events after birth
percentage of the population that have a learning disability
2%
Human rights act main articles
article 2 - the right to life
article 3 - everybody has the right not to be tortured in an inhumane or degrading way
article 14 - the right to not be discriminated against in the enjoyment of your other rights.
equality act main points
you have a disability
someone thinks you have a disability
you are connected to someone with a disability
equality act 6 main types of disability discrimination
direct discrimination
indirect discrimination
failure to make reasonable adjustments
discrimination arising from disability
harassment
victimisation
mental capacity act
ensures that adults with learning disabilities are adequately protected if they cannot make decisions for themselves. It aims to enable people to make as many of their own decisions for as long as they are deemed capable of doing so.
what causes Down syndrome
extra chromosome
health conditions associated with Down syndrome
heart conditions
hearing and vision problems
thyroid problems
pneumonia
the gene that mutates resulting in fragile X syndrome
FMR1
what is dyslexia
learning difficulty that can cause problems with reading, writing and spelling
how many people in the uk suffer from dyslexia
1in10
is dyslexia a learning disability or difficulty
learning difficulty
what is dyspraxia
known as the developmental co-ordination disorder, affects physical coordination of a patient, making them clumsy.
risk factors for dyspraxia
being born prematurely before the 37th week of pregnancy
being born with a low birth weight
having family history of DCD
mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy
what is dyscalculia
difficulty in understanding numbers which leads to difficulties with mathematics
percentage of people with dyscalculia
6%
what is cerebral palsy
group of lifelong conditions that affect movement and coordination.
what is auditory processing delay
difficulty hearing and understanding:
speaking in a noisy environment
people who have strong accents or speak quickly
similar sounding words, for example pin and tin
spoken instructions
what causes cerebral palsy
can occur if a baby’s brain doesn’t develop normally while in the womb, during birth or damaged soon after birth.
what age do people with a learning disability become eligible for an annual check-up
14 years and over
how can we adapt communication to aid those affected
talk in person
in writing
on the phone
give full attention and show positive body language
speak clearly
take your time and don’t rush your sentences
use visual cues
use short sentences
ask for help from the patients family or carers
what does TEACH stand for
Time
Environment
Attitude
Communication
Help
define harm
damage or injury caused by a person or event
define the social model of disability
that people are disabled by barriers in society, not by their impairment. Barriers can be physical; e.g., no accessible toilets or by people’s attitude
define the medical model of disability
The medical model of disability says people are ‘disabled by their
impairments or differences’.
It looks at what is ‘wrong’ with the person, not what the person needs.
