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Anatomy SEM 2 part 1 > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is found in the cranial part of the foregut?

A

Respiratory + pharyngeal bursa

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2
Q

What is the buccopharyngeal mb and wehre does it develop from?

A

Opeing of the oral cavity.

From the ectoderm + mesoderm

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the lateral plates

A

brachial cleft (ectoderm), pharyngeal bursa (endoderm), visceral arche (mesoderm)

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4
Q

Where does the middle ear come from?

A

1st pharyngeal bursa

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5
Q

Where does the thymus come from?

A

From the 3rd pharyngeal bursa

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6
Q

Where does the laryngeal cartialge come from?

A

The 4,5,6 visceral arch

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7
Q

From what does the tongue develop?

A

Endoderm + mesoderm

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8
Q

From what does the thyroid gland develop?

A

endoderm

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9
Q

From where does the respiratory system develop?

A

Mesoderm + endoderm

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10
Q

How does the trachea form

A
  • laryngotracheal tube grows on pharynx

- seperation by tracheoesophagel septum

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11
Q

What is tracheal atresia and hypoplasia

A

Atresis (incomplete development)

Hypoplasia (to small growth)

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12
Q

Common congenital disorders of brachycephalic breeds

A

collapsed trachea, tracheoesophageal fistula.

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13
Q

What are the 4 meatus?

A

Dorsal (olfactory), medial (sinusal), ventral (respiratory), common

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14
Q

Which sinus is in contact with the nasal cavity

A

ethmoidal

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15
Q

What are the inconstant cartilages

A

interarytenoid (carnivores), cuneiform (epiglottis), corniculate (arytenoid)

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16
Q

Epiglottic in dif species

A
  • Horse: pointy + cuneiform
  • Rum: concave
  • Pig: convex
  • Car: pointy (no cuneiform)
17
Q

What are the ligaments of the laryngeal cartilage? (7)

+ folds

A

cricotracheal, cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid, thyrohyoid mb, thyroepiglottic, transverse arytenoid, hyoepiglottic.
- Vocal fold + vestibular (Eq + Car)

18
Q

Which muscle tenses the larynx

A

cricothyroid, ventricular + vocal

19
Q

Which only muscle is innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve

A

cricothyroid

20
Q

Which artery and nerve is dorsal to the trachea

A

common carotid artery + vagosympathetic trunk

21
Q

By which ligament is the lungs attached

A

pulmonary ligament (to diaphgram)

22
Q

Which specie has 2 left lobes undivided. But the right lobed divided in 5?

A

Goat

23
Q

How do we call the opening of the vessels + bronchi to the lungs

A

Pulmonary hilium

24
Q

What are the lymphatic systems of the lung

A

mediastinic, pulmonary, tracheaobronchial

25
Q

What is found in each part of the mediastium

A
  • cranial
  • middle
  • caudal
26
Q

Which diaphragmatic hernia are the most common

A

hiatal hernia + peritoneopericardial hernia

27
Q

From where does the diaphgram develop

A

mesoderm (septum trasnversum)

28
Q

What is in the right crura`

What is in the left crura?

A
  • R: esophagal + vagal

- L: aortic, thoracic duct, azygos V

29
Q

Vascularization of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic, intercostal + internal thoracic A

30
Q

Which organs are covered by the diaphragm

A

Liver, stomach, part of spleen, right kidney

31
Q

What is a common congenital disorder of the respiratory system in foal (young horse)

A

lobular hyptertrophy

32
Q

How would we intubate a horse?

A

The nasogastric tube is inserted through the nasal cavity. Horses cannot breath through their mouth.

33
Q

Structure and function of the vomeronasal organ

A
  • sense pheromones (important in animals)
  • btw the nasal septum and the hard palate
  • formed by 2 vomeronasal duct, connected by the vomeronasal cartilage
34
Q

Difference btw species in the location of the larynx

A
  • Dog: more cd. Found after the mandibular bones

- Eq+ Ruminants: more cr. Btw the 2 mandibles.

35
Q

Which laryngeal ligament is incissed for tracheoctomy, or cricoidoctomy?

A
  • cricotracheal ligament
36
Q

Differences btw species in the trachea structure

A
  • Dog: the muscle is on the outside of the cartilage

- Other species: muscle in inside the cartilage

37
Q

What are the 2 recesses of the lungs

A
  • costodiaphragmatic

- costomediastinic

38
Q

What are the dif surface and borders of the lungs

A
  • Borders: dorsal and ventral

- Surface: costal, mediastinic, diaphragmatic

39
Q

Lung structure depending on the specie

A
  • Dog + pig= 3:4
  • Eq= 2:3
  • Rum + sheep= 3:5
  • Goat= 2:5

Anatomy SEM 2 part 1 (4 decks)

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