Respiratory system

Question 1

What is found in the cranial part of the foregut?

Answer 1

Respiratory + pharyngeal bursa

Question 2

What is the buccopharyngeal mb and wehre does it develop from?

Answer 2

Opeing of the oral cavity.

From the ectoderm + mesoderm

Question 3

What are the 3 parts of the lateral plates

Answer 3

brachial cleft (ectoderm), pharyngeal bursa (endoderm), visceral arche (mesoderm)

Question 4

Where does the middle ear come from?

Answer 4

1st pharyngeal bursa

Question 5

Where does the thymus come from?

Answer 5

From the 3rd pharyngeal bursa

Question 6

Where does the laryngeal cartialge come from?

Answer 6

The 4,5,6 visceral arch

Question 7

From what does the tongue develop?

Answer 7

Endoderm + mesoderm

Question 8

From what does the thyroid gland develop?

Answer 8

endoderm

Question 9

From where does the respiratory system develop?

Answer 9

Mesoderm + endoderm

Question 10

How does the trachea form

Answer 10

• laryngotracheal tube grows on pharynx

- seperation by tracheoesophagel septum

Question 11

What is tracheal atresia and hypoplasia

Answer 11

Atresis (incomplete development)

Hypoplasia (to small growth)

Question 12

Common congenital disorders of brachycephalic breeds

Answer 12

collapsed trachea, tracheoesophageal fistula.

Question 13

What are the 4 meatus?

Answer 13

Dorsal (olfactory), medial (sinusal), ventral (respiratory), common

Question 14

Which sinus is in contact with the nasal cavity

Answer 14

ethmoidal

Question 15

What are the inconstant cartilages

Answer 15

interarytenoid (carnivores), cuneiform (epiglottis), corniculate (arytenoid)

Question 16

Epiglottic in dif species

Answer 16

• Horse: pointy + cuneiform
• Rum: concave
• Pig: convex
• Car: pointy (no cuneiform)

Question 17

What are the ligaments of the laryngeal cartilage? (7)

+ folds

Answer 17

cricotracheal, cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid, thyrohyoid mb, thyroepiglottic, transverse arytenoid, hyoepiglottic.
- Vocal fold + vestibular (Eq + Car)

Question 18

Which muscle tenses the larynx

Answer 18

cricothyroid, ventricular + vocal

Question 19

Which only muscle is innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve

Answer 19

cricothyroid

Question 20

Which artery and nerve is dorsal to the trachea

Answer 20

common carotid artery + vagosympathetic trunk

Question 21

By which ligament is the lungs attached

Answer 21

pulmonary ligament (to diaphgram)

Question 22

Which specie has 2 left lobes undivided. But the right lobed divided in 5?

Answer 22

Goat

Question 23

How do we call the opening of the vessels + bronchi to the lungs

Answer 23

Pulmonary hilium

Question 24

What are the lymphatic systems of the lung

Answer 24

mediastinic, pulmonary, tracheaobronchial

Question 25

What is found in each part of the mediastium

Answer 25

- cranial - middle - caudal

Question 26

Which diaphragmatic hernia are the most common

Answer 26

hiatal hernia + peritoneopericardial hernia

Question 27

From where does the diaphgram develop

Answer 27

mesoderm (septum trasnversum)

Question 28

What is in the right crura` | What is in the left crura?

Answer 28

- R: esophagal + vagal | - L: aortic, thoracic duct, azygos V

Question 29

Vascularization of the diaphragm

Answer 29

Phrenic, intercostal + internal thoracic A

Question 30

Which organs are covered by the diaphragm

Answer 30

Liver, stomach, part of spleen, right kidney

Question 31

What is a common congenital disorder of the respiratory system in foal (young horse)

Answer 31

lobular hyptertrophy

Question 32

How would we intubate a horse?

Answer 32

The nasogastric tube is inserted through the nasal cavity. Horses cannot breath through their mouth.

Question 33

Structure and function of the vomeronasal organ

Answer 33

- sense pheromones (important in animals) - btw the nasal septum and the hard palate - formed by 2 vomeronasal duct, connected by the vomeronasal cartilage

Question 34

Difference btw species in the location of the larynx

Answer 34

- Dog: more cd. Found after the mandibular bones | - Eq+ Ruminants: more cr. Btw the 2 mandibles.

Question 35

Which laryngeal ligament is incissed for tracheoctomy, or cricoidoctomy?

Answer 35

- cricotracheal ligament

Question 36

Differences btw species in the trachea structure

Answer 36

- Dog: the muscle is on the outside of the cartilage | - Other species: muscle in inside the cartilage

Question 37

What are the 2 recesses of the lungs

Answer 37

- costodiaphragmatic | - costomediastinic

Question 38

What are the dif surface and borders of the lungs

Answer 38

- Borders: dorsal and ventral | - Surface: costal, mediastinic, diaphragmatic

Question 39

Lung structure depending on the specie

Answer 39

- Dog + pig= 3:4 - Eq= 2:3 - Rum + sheep= 3:5 - Goat= 2:5