Cardiovascular system Flashcards
From which layer does the heart develop from?
Mesoderm
What are the 2 foramens called in the interartiral septum
Secondary foramen + foramen oval
What are the heart developping chambers
Arterial trunk, heart bulb, ventricles, atrium, venous sinus
What are the 3 network of the developping embryo
Embryonic, vitelline, umbilical netword
What does the embryonic artery give rise to?
Aortic arch (5): 1 + 2: maxilllary 3: internal + external carotid 4: left (aorta). Right (right subclavian artery) 6: pumonary A + ductus arteriosus
Signs of PDA
continous murmur, pulmonary edema, left ventricular hypertrophy
What is the 4th persitant right arch?
When aorta does not develop from the left (4th) arch but on the right side. PDA cross trachea + esophagus
Most common heart formation congenital disorders in cat and Rum
Aortic stenosis:
1st in cat
2nd in ruminants
Signs of ventricular or atrial septal defect
(same as PDA). Pulmonary edema, left ventricular hypertrophy.
What 4 disorders are in the Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect
What are the 3 pericardium
fibrous pericardium
serous parietal
serous visceral
Differences in azygos Vein
Right: carnivores + Eq
Left: Rum + pig
Purpose of the septomarginal trabeculae
right bundle of His branches
Which specie has the fibrous trigons ossified?
Ruminants
What are the vessels for the myocardium
Coronary arteries (R+L) Coronary sinus/ cardiac veins (great, middle, oblique)
Dif in heart btw species
Horse: big + yellow fat
Ruminants: big + hard
Pig: smaller + smooth
what are the changes that occur to the heart at birth
- Lungs expand letting air
- ductus arteriosus that closes into the arterial ductus ligament
- collapse of the interatrial septum (closing the secondary and ovale foramen)
What is and what are the sings of pulmonary stenosis
- Abnormal narrowing of the pulmonary artery
- right ventricular hypertrophy + dilatation. Hypertension. Tired animals. –> Signs depend on the degree of stenosis.
What are the names of the 2 ligaments holding the heart in the thoracic cavity?
- pericardiophrenic lig
- pericardiosternal lig
What are the structures found in the right atrium?
- sinus of the vena cava
- intervenous tubercle
- azygos v (right: car + eq. Left: rum + pig)
- oval fossa
- AV foramen + valve (tricupsid)
- SA node
- right auricle/ appendage
What is the name of the muscle found in the atria
pectinate
How are the AV valves attached?
- by tendinous ropes with papillary muscles to the inside of ventricles.
