Cardiovascular system

Question 1

From which layer does the heart develop from?

Answer 1

Mesoderm

Question 2

What are the 2 foramens called in the interartiral septum

Answer 2

Secondary foramen + foramen oval

Question 3

What are the heart developping chambers

Answer 3

Arterial trunk, heart bulb, ventricles, atrium, venous sinus

Question 4

What are the 3 network of the developping embryo

Answer 4

Embryonic, vitelline, umbilical netword

Question 5

What does the embryonic artery give rise to?

Answer 5

Aortic arch (5):
1 + 2: maxilllary
3: internal + external carotid
4: left (aorta). Right (right subclavian artery)
6: pumonary A + ductus arteriosus

Question 6

Signs of PDA

Answer 6

continous murmur, pulmonary edema, left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 7

What is the 4th persitant right arch?

Answer 7

When aorta does not develop from the left (4th) arch but on the right side. PDA cross trachea + esophagus

Question 8

Most common heart formation congenital disorders in cat and Rum

Answer 8

Aortic stenosis:
1st in cat
2nd in ruminants

Question 9

Signs of ventricular or atrial septal defect

Answer 9

(same as PDA). Pulmonary edema, left ventricular hypertrophy.

Question 10

What 4 disorders are in the Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 10

Pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect

Question 11

What are the 3 pericardium

Answer 11

fibrous pericardium
serous parietal
serous visceral

Question 12

Differences in azygos Vein

Answer 12

Right: carnivores + Eq
Left: Rum + pig

Question 13

Purpose of the septomarginal trabeculae

Answer 13

right bundle of His branches

Question 14

Which specie has the fibrous trigons ossified?

Answer 14

Ruminants

Question 15

What are the vessels for the myocardium

Answer 15

Coronary arteries (R+L)
Coronary sinus/ cardiac veins (great, middle, oblique)

Question 16

Dif in heart btw species

Answer 16

Horse: big + yellow fat
Ruminants: big + hard
Pig: smaller + smooth

Question 17

what are the changes that occur to the heart at birth

Answer 17

• Lungs expand letting air
• ductus arteriosus that closes into the arterial ductus ligament
• collapse of the interatrial septum (closing the secondary and ovale foramen)

Question 18

What is and what are the sings of pulmonary stenosis

Answer 18

• Abnormal narrowing of the pulmonary artery

- right ventricular hypertrophy + dilatation. Hypertension. Tired animals. –> Signs depend on the degree of stenosis.

Question 19

What are the names of the 2 ligaments holding the heart in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 19

• pericardiophrenic lig

- pericardiosternal lig

Question 20

What are the structures found in the right atrium?

Answer 20

• sinus of the vena cava
• intervenous tubercle
• azygos v (right: car + eq. Left: rum + pig)
• oval fossa
• AV foramen + valve (tricupsid)
• SA node
• right auricle/ appendage

Question 21

What is the name of the muscle found in the atria

Answer 21

pectinate

Question 22

How are the AV valves attached?

Answer 22

• by tendinous ropes with papillary muscles to the inside of ventricles.