Respiratory System Flashcards
What are two examples of a long acting beta-2 agonist?
Salmeterol and Formoterol
What are two examples of short acting beta-2 agonists?
Salbutamol and Terbutaline
When are SABAs used?
As symptom relief
When are LABAs used?
As prevention with ICS
What are the common adverse reactions of beta-2 agonists?
- Adrenergic symptoms - tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety and tremor
- Increased glycogenolysis and renin release (due to increased sympathetic activation via beta-receptors)
- Can lead to an SVT
Give an example of a long acting anti-muscarinic (LAMA)?
Tiotropium bromide
Give an example of a short acting anti-muscarinic (SAMA)?
Ipratropium bromide
What receptor to LAMA/SAMA act on?
M3 receptors (antagonists)
When are LAMAs used?
In severe asthma and COPD
What is the mechanism of action of tiotropium (LAMA)?
Block vagally mediated contraction of airway smooth muscle
What are two examples of methylxanthines?
Aminophylline and Theophylline
What are methylxanthines (aminophyilline nad theophylline)?
Adenosine antagonists
When is theophylline used? And what does it do?
Poorly controlled asthma, given orally
Reduced bronchoconstriction by antagonising the adenosine receptor
What are the warnings and DDIs of using theophylline?
It has a narrow therapeutic index
Increased concentrations in the plasma when patient is also taking a CYP450 inhibitor
When is aminophylline used?
In life-threatening asthma with no success using oral steroids, oxygen driven beta-2 agonist and SAMA use (ipratropium)
