Genito-Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
Give 3 examples of emergency contraception.
A
- Levonorgestrel
- Progestogen
- Ulipristal acetate
2
Q
Give an example of a synthetic oestrogen.
A
Ethinylestradiol
3
Q
Give 4 examples of synthetic progesterones.
A
- Desogestrel
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Norethisterone
- Levonorgestrel
4
Q
What are some ADRs of the COCP?
A
- Thromboembolism risk
* Increases risk of breast and cervical cancer
5
Q
How are the COCP and POP metabolised? And what does this mean for efficacy?
A
In the liver by CYP450 enzymes
Their efficacy is reduced by drugs that induce CYP450 e.g. phenytoin, St John’s wort, rifampicin
6
Q
What synthetic steroids are used in HRT?
A
- oestradiol
* medroxyprogesterone acetate
7
Q
What are the actions of oestrogen and hence side effects?
A
- Anabolism - Impairs glucose tolerance
- Na+ and K+ retention - water retention
- Increases HDL and lowers LDL
- Decreases bone resorption
- Increases blood coagulability - DVT risk
- Stimulates growth of endometrial and breast tissue - tender breasts, endometrial and breast hyperplasia and cancer
- Ovarian metaplasia and cancer
8
Q
What are the actions of progesterone and hence side effects?
A
- Stimulates growth of endometrial and breast tissue and lead to a secretory endometrium
- Maintains pregnancy
- Inhibits oestrogen receptor production
- Anabolic
- Increases bone mineral density
- Mood changes - irritability, depression, PMS, lack of concentration
- Acne
- Fluid retention
9
Q
What are the actions of testosterone and hence side effects?
A
- Male secondary characteristics
- Anabolic - adverse effects on liid profiles (HDL/LDL-C ratio - increased atherosclerotic disease)
- Acne
- Voice changes
- Increased aggression
10
Q
What are oestrogen pharmacokinetics?
A
- Good GI absorption and also from skin and mucous membranes
- Metabolised by the liver
- Excreted in the urine
11
Q
What are progesterone pharmacokinetics?
A
- Injected progesterone, bound to albumin and stored in adipose
- Metabolised by liver
- Excreted in urine
