Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Give examples of antacids
Aluminium hydroxide
Magnesium carbonate
Give an example of an alginate
Sodium alginate
What is Gaviscon?
Compound preparation of an alginate and antacid
What are adverse effects of alginates and antacids?
Magnesium salts - diarrhoea
Aluminium salts - constipation
What are the warnings and contraindications for alginates and antacids?
Caution in renal failure due to sodium and potassium in the preparations
Risk of hyperglycaemia in DM due to high sucrose content
What are some DDIs of alginates and antacids?
Can reduce absorption of many drugs (so doses should be separate)
Can increase urine alkalinity which increases aspirin excretion
What is Hyoscine hydrobromide?
A muscarinic receptor antagonist that works to reduce motion sickness, as an anti-spasmodic
What are some ADRs of Hyoscine hydrobromide?
- sedation
- memory problems
- glaucoma
- dry mouth and constipation (anti-muscarinic effects)
What is Ranitidine?
A H2 receptor antagonist used to reduce acid secretion in the stomach
What are the ADRs of Ranitidine?
Not many, well tolerated - headache and diarrhoea
What drugs have the warnings and contraindications of masking symptoms of gastro-oesphageal cancer?
Which also have the fracture risk with osteoporosis?
Ranitidine
Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
The PPIs
What are the DDIs of Ranitidine?
Few - reduced exposure to some antivirals and protein kinase inhibitors
What are two examples of PPIs?
Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
What are the ADRs of PPIs?
GI disturbance - abdo pain, constipation, diarrhoea
Headache, dizziness
Drowsiness/confusion (especially in elderly patients)
What are the DDIs of PPIs?
Omeprazole is a CYP inhibitor so reduces clopidogrel’s action (a pro-drug)
PPIs can also increase effects of warfarin and phenytoin so monitor
