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My Physio Test Banks > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q 
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the  
A) upper respiratory tract.  
B) lower respiratory tract.  
C) internal respiratory tract.  
D) alveoli of the respiratory tract.  
E) respiratory mucosa.
A

B) lower respiratory tract.

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2
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.  
A) pharynx  
B) esophagus  
C) trachea  
D) windpipe  
E) right mainstem bronchus
A

A) pharynx

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3
Q 
Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?
A) oropharynx
B) trachea
C) larynx
D) bronchi
E) alveoli
A

A) oropharynx

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4
Q 
Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following, except the
A) lips.
B) nose.
C) nasal cavity.
D) pharynx.
E) paranasal sinuses.
A

A) lips.

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5
Q 
During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.  
A) right primary  
B) left primary  
C) right secondary  
D) left secondary  
E) medial
A

A) right primary

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6
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle?
A) accessory muscle of expiration
B) accessory muscle of inspiration
C) primary muscle of inspiration
D) contraction increases airway resistance
E) affects lung compliance

A

D) contraction increases airway resistance

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7
Q 
The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is  
A) pulmonary ventilation.  
B) external respiration.  
C) internal respiration.  
D) cellular respiration.  
E) breathing.
A

C) internal respiration.

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8
Q 
Determination of blood gases includes testing an arterial sample for  
A) pH.  
B) PO2.  
C) PCO2.  
D) PO2 and PCO2 only.
E)  pH, PO2, and  PCO2.
A

E) pH, PO2, and PCO2.

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9
Q

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that
A) they are equal.
B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.
C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.
D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.
E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric

A

A) they are equal.

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10
Q

External respiration involves the
A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.
C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid.
D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.
E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

A

B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.

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11
Q

Which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration?
A) from the blood into the tissue cells
B) from the blood into the lungs
C) from the lungs into the atmosphere
D) from the tissue cells into the blood
E) from the lungs into the blood

A

D) from the tissue cells into the blood

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12
Q

Boyle’s law states that the pressure of a gas is:
A) inversely proportional to volume of its container.
B) always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs.
C) directly proportional to temperature.
D) inversely proportional to temperature.
E) directly proportional to the volume of its container.

A

A) inversely proportional to volume of its container.

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13
Q

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
A) greater than intraalveolar pressure.
B) less than the pressure in the atmosphere.
C) less than intrapulmonic pressure.
D) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere.
E) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

A

E) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

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14
Q

During quiet breathing,
A) only the internal intercostal muscles contract.
B) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
C) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
D) inspiration and expiration are both passive.
E) inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.

A

B) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

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15
Q

If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs?
A) decreases
B) increases and possibly damages the lungs
C) increases twice the amount of the increase in volume
D) remains constant
E) increases

A

A) decreases

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16
Q

During exercise, which of the following contract for active exhalation:
A) rectus abdominis and internal intercostal muscles
B) diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles
C) rectus abdominis and diaphragm muscles
D) diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
E) pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles

A

A) rectus abdominis and internal intercostal muscles

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17
Q 
Quiet breathing is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as shallow breathing is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A) eupnea; diaphragmatic breathing 
B) eupnea; costal breathing 
C) costal breathing; eupnea 
D) costal breathing; diaphragmatic 
E) diaphragmatic breathing; eupnea
A

B) eupnea; costal breathing

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18
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements and calls on accessory muscles to assist with inhalation, while exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and sometimes abdominal muscles too.  
A) Eupnea  
B) Forced breathing  
C) Costal breathing  
D) Vital breathing  
E) Passive breathing
A

B) Forced breathing

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19
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.  
A) Residual volume  
B) Expiratory reserve volume  
C) Inspiratory reserve volume  
D) Tidal volume  
E) Inspiratory capacity
A

D) Tidal volume

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20
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume.  
A) Residual inhaled volume  
B) Expiratory reserve volume  
C) Inspiratory reserve volume  
D) Enhanced tidal volume  
E) Inspiratory capacity
A

C) Inspiratory reserve volume

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21
Q 
Which of the following muscles might be recruited to increase inspired volume? 
A) sternocleidomastoid  
B) pectoralis minor 
C) scalenes
D) serratus anterior
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

22
Q 
Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle.  
A) scalene  
B) diaphragm  
C) internal intercostal  
D) external intercostal  
E) serratus anterior
A

C) internal intercostal

23
Q 
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,  
A) the volume of the thorax increases.  
B) the volume of the thorax decreases.  
C) the volume of the lungs decreases.  
D) the lungs shrink.  
E) expiration occurs.
A

A) the volume of the thorax increases.

24
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term external intercostal?
A) accessory muscle of expiration
B) accessory muscle of inspiration
C) primary muscle of inspiration
D) contraction increases airway resistance
E) affects lung compliance

A

C) primary muscle of inspiration

25
Q

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will
A) decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
B) decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood.
C) increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
D) decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli.
E) hardly affect either the partial pressure or diffusion of gases.

A

A) decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

26
Q

Alveolar ventilation refers to the
A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli.
C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism

A

B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

27
Q

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to
A) remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
B) supply oxygen to the blood.
C) maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.
D) remove air from dead air space.
E) prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

A

C) maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

28
Q 
If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's 
A) tidal volume.  
B) inspiratory reserve volume.  
C) expiratory reserve volume.  
D) reserve volume.  
E) vital capacity.
A

E) vital capacity.

29
Q

Boyle’s Law of Gases states that
A) the pressure and volume of a gas are equal.
B) as the temperature goes up, the pressure goes up.
C) the total gas pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.
D) the concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial pressure.
E) if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

A

E) if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

30
Q

Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration, except the
A) PO2 of the alveoli.
B) PCO2 of the blood.
C) thickness of the respiratory membrane.
D) diameter of an alveolus.
E) solubility of oxygen in plasma.

A

D) diameter of an alveolus.

31
Q 
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greatest in  
A) venous blood.  
B) alveolar air.
C) expired air.
D) inspired air.
E) arterial blood.
A

A) venous blood.

32
Q

A SCUBA diver has been deep underwater and suddenly rises to the surface too fast. Why does the diver get decompression sickness?
A) Pressure decreases and carbon dioxide rushes into cells.
B) Pressure changes too fast and the carbon dioxide in the blood forms bubbles.
C) Pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles.
D) The gas in the SCUBA tank had too much pressure and rapid ascent forces too much air into the blood.
E) Pressure increases too fast and too much oxygen enters the blood and forms bubbles.

A

C) Pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles.

33
Q

The chloride shift occurs in order to
A) force oxygen out of the blood and into tissues.
B) transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma.
C) produce salt for the cytosol of blood cells.
D) produce carbonic acid.
E) pump hydrochloric acid out of gastric cells.

A

B) transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma.

34
Q

About 70% of carbon dioxide is transported in deoxygenated blood
A) as dissolved CO2 in the blood plasma.
B) as bicarbonate ions bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
C) combined with hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin.
D) as bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma.
E) as carbonic acid in the red blood cells.

A

D) as bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma.

35
Q 
Carbon dioxide and water combine to form  
A) hydrochloric acid.  
B) oxygen.  
C) carbonic acid.  
D) carbaminohemoglobin. 
E) nitric acid.
A

C) carbonic acid.

36
Q

When does oxyhemoglobin form during respiration?
A) during external respiration
B) immediately after carbon dioxide enters the blood
C) when the chloride shift occurs
D) during pulmonary ventilation
E) during internal respiration

A

A) during external respiration

37
Q

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
A) dissolved in plasma.
B) bound to hemoglobin.
C) in ionic form as solute in the plasma.
D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
E) carried by white blood cells.

A

B) bound to hemoglobin.

38
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as
A) solute dissolved in the plasma.
B) carbaminohemoglobin.
C) bicarbonate ions.
D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells.
E) carbonic acid.

A

C) bicarbonate ions.

39
Q 
Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?  
A) decreased temperature  
B) decreased pH  
C) increased tissue PO2  
D) decreased amounts of DPG  
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

B) decreased pH

40
Q

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the
A) PCO2 should be high.
B) pH should be slightly acidic.
C) PO2 should be about 70 mm Hg.
D) DPG levels in the red blood cells should be high.
E) PCO2 should be low.

A

E) PCO2 should be low.

41
Q

Which statement about the chloride shift is false?
A) involves a movement of chloride ion into RBCs
B) depends on the chloride-bicarbonate countertransporter
C) involves a movement of bicarbonate ions into the plasma
D) is driven by a rise in PCO2
E) causes RBCs to swell

A

E) causes RBCs to swell

42
Q 
Low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2.   This increases the effectiveness of
A) external respiration.
B) internal respiration.
C) carbon dioxide transport.
D) hemoglobin synthesis.
E) acid-base balance.
A

B) internal respiration.

43
Q

Hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is
A) greater than hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.
B) less than hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.
C) equal to hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.

A

B) less than hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.

44
Q 
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is  
A) oxygen.  
B) carbon dioxide.  
C) bicarbonate ion.  
D) sodium ion.  
E) hemoglobin.
A

B) carbon dioxide.

45
Q

A 10-percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will
A) decrease the rate of breathing.
B) increase the rate of breathing.
C) decrease pulmonary ventilation.
D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.
E) decrease the vital capacity.

A

B) increase the rate of breathing.

46
Q 
The term hypercapnia refers to  
A) the cessation of breathing.  
B) elevated PCO2.  
C) elevated PO2.  
D) an increase in pH.  
E) labored breathing.
A

B) elevated PCO2.

47
Q

The apneustic centers of the pons
A) inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers.
B) provide stimulation to the inspiratory center.
C) monitor blood gas levels.
D) alter chemoreceptor sensitivity.
E) generate the gasp reflex.

A

B) provide stimulation to the inspiratory center.

48
Q 
Sympathetic input to the smooth muscle tissue in bronchioles causes all of these except
A) bronchoconstriction.  
B) a bigger lumen.  
C) less airway resistance.  
D) activation of beta-two receptors.  
E) relaxation.
A

A) bronchoconstriction.

49
Q

In quiet breathing,
A) inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.
B) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
C) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
D) inspiration and expiration are both passive.
E) inspiration is deep and forceful.

A

C) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

50
Q 
Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called  
A) eupnea.  
B) hyperpnea.  
C) diaphragmatic breathing.  
D) costal breathing.  
E) shallow breathing.
A

B) hyperpnea.

51
Q 
Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ center.  
A) apneustic  
B) pneumotaxic  
C) expiratory  
D) baroreceptor  
E) chemoreceptor
A

A) apneustic

52
Q 
Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would interfere with the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to  
A) changes in PCO2.  
B) changes in PO2.  
C) changes in pH.  
D) changes in blood pressure.  
E) changes in PCO2, PO2, and pH.
A

E) changes in PCO2, PO2, and pH.

My Physio Test Banks (4 decks)

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