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My Physio Test Banks > Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q 
The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the  
A) tunica intima.  
B) external elastic membrane.  
C) tunica media.  
D) internal elastic membrane.  
E) tunica externa.
A

B) external elastic membrane.

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2
Q 
Venoconstriction \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the amount of blood within the venous system, which \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.  
A) doubles; decreases  
B) reduces; increases  
C) decreases; doubles  
D) increases; reduces  
E) reduces; reduces
A

B) reduces; increases

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3
Q

Venous valves are responsible for
A) preventing anterograde flow.
B) channeling blood away from the heart.
C) channeling blood toward the heart.
D) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.
E) regulating blood pressure in veins.

A

C) channeling blood toward the heart.

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4
Q 
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
A) arteries.  
B) arterioles.  
C) veins.  
D) venules.  
E) capillaries.
A

E) capillaries.

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5
Q 
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?  
A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein
A

B) arteriole

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6
Q 
Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein
A

E) vein

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7
Q 
What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins
A

A) arteries

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8
Q

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except
A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
C) the respiratory pump.
D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
E) muscular compression.

A

B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

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9
Q 
Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?
A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein
A

C) capillary

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10
Q 
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? 
A) pulmonary arteries 
B) capillaries 
C) systemic arterioles 
D) veins 
E) arteries
A

D) veins

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11
Q 
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the 
A) arterioles. 
B) venules. 
C) veins. 
D) arteries. 
E) capillaries.
A

A) arterioles.

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12
Q 
Resistance is a force that   
A) increases blood flow.   
B) decreases blood flow.
C) never changes in a blood vessel.   
D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel.   
E) is always higher than blood pressure.
A

B) decreases blood flow.

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13
Q 
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the  
A) length of a blood vessel. 
B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.  
C) turbulence.  
D) blood viscosity.  
E) blood vessel diameter.
A

B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

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14
Q

As blood travels from arteries to veins,
A) pressure builds.
B) pressure drops.
C) flow becomes turbulent.
D) viscosity increases.
E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller

A

B) pressure drops.

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15
Q

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.
C) veins constrict.
D) arterioles dilate.
E) arterioles constrict.

A

D) arterioles dilate.

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16
Q 
Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased  
A) cardiac output.  
B) peripheral resistance.  
C) blood volume.  
D) parasympathetic innervation.  
E) force of cardiac contraction.
A

D) parasympathetic innervation.

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17
Q

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
A) decreased plasma albumen
B) increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
D) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
E) increased plasma albumen

A

D) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

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18
Q 
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the  
A) venous pressure.  
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.  
C) diastolic pressure.  
D) peripheral pressure.  
E) pulse pressure.
A

B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

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19
Q 
Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to
A) arteriovenous pressure.  
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.  
C) arterial pressure.  
D) peripheral pressure.  
E) pulse pressure.
A

C) arterial pressure.

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20
Q 
Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cardiac output.  
A) much higher than  
B) somewhat higher than  
C) equal to  
D) somewhat lower than  
E) much lower than
A

C) equal to

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21
Q 
Blood pressure is lowest in the
A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.
A

E) veins.

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22
Q 
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?  
A) blood viscosity  
B) vessel diameter  
C) turbulence  
D) vascular resistance  
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

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23
Q 
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be  
A) doubled.  
B) halved.  
C) four times greater.  
D) 1/4 as much.  
E) unchanged.
A

A) doubled.

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24
Q

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?
A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long
C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long
D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

A

D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

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25
Q

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except
A) increased sympathetic stimulation.
B) elevated levels of epinephrine.
C) vasodilation.
D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.
E) elevated hematocrit.

A

C) vasodilation.

26
Q

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except
A) increased venous return.
B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
D) increased blood concentration of glucose.
E) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine.

A

D) increased blood concentration of glucose.

27
Q

Turbulent blood flow occurs
A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.
B) at high flow rates.
C) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter.
D) when blood pressure is excessively high.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

28
Q

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?
A) accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones
B) assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries
C) helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system
D) flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

29
Q

Edema may occur when
A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.
B) endothelial permeability goes up.
C) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.
D) blood pressure is high.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

30
Q

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,
A) the carotid baroreceptors become less active.
B) venous return is decreased.
C) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.
D) heart rate is reflexively elevated.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

31
Q 
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure.  
A) critical closing  
B) mean arterial  
C) pulse  
D) blood  
E) circulatory
A

C) pulse

32
Q

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
A) concentration of plasma sodium ions.
B) concentration of plasma glucose.
C) concentration of plasma waste products.
D) concentration of plasma proteins.
E) number of red blood cells.

A

D) concentration of plasma proteins.

33
Q

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?
A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.
C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.
D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.
E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

A

E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

34
Q

When renin is released from the kidney,
A) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.
B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys.
D) blood pressure goes down.
E) blood flow to the kidneys decreases

A

B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

35
Q

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except
A) release of renin.
B) decrease in blood volume.
C) decreased peripheral resistance.
D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E) decreased levels of aldosterone.

A

A) release of renin.

36
Q

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except
A) increased levels of aldosterone.
B) increased levels of angiotensin II.
C) increased blood volume.
D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

A

D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

37
Q

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except
A) increased hematocrit.
B) increased vessel diameter.
C) increased blood pressure.
D) decreased peripheral resistance.
E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

A

A) increased hematocrit.

38
Q

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has
A) less resistance to blood flow.
B) the same amount of pressure as resistance.
C) a greater resistance to blood flow.
D) a higher blood pressure.
E) a greater blood flow.

A

C) a greater resistance to blood flow.

39
Q

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries
A) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
B) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries.
C) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
D) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.
E) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

A

C) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

40
Q 
Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?
A) vascular resistance
B) venous pressure
C) viscosity of blood
D) vessel length
E) turbulence
A

A) vascular resistance

41
Q 
The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure. 
A) systolic; diastolic 
B) hydrostatic; osmotic 
C) blood; interstitial 
D) osmotic; hydrostatic 
E) plasma; extracellular
A

B) hydrostatic; osmotic

42
Q 
Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the: 
A) muscular arteries 
B) liver 
C) hepatic portal vein 
D) venules 
E) lymphatic system
A

E) lymphatic system

43
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by:
A) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
B) a greater salt concentration in blood cells
C) the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall
D) osmosis of water
E) hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane

A

A) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma

44
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because:
A) starvation increases blood pressure which, in turn, decreases BCOP
B) starvation increases the permeability of capillaries causing a decrease in BCOP
C) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP
D) malnourished children do not exercise, which results in a decrease in BCOP
E) the question statement is false, BCOP actually increases in starving children

A

C) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP

45
Q

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?
A) vascular resistance
B) peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood
C) muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart
D) blood pressure
E) blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins

A

A) vascular resistance

46
Q

As blood travels from arteries to veins,
A) viscosity of blood changes.
B) pressure increases.
C) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.
D) pressure decreases.
E) flow becomes turbulent.

A

D) pressure decreases.

47
Q 
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure.   
A) blood   
B) circulatory   
C) mean arterial   
D) critical closing   
E) pulse
A

E) pulse

48
Q 
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?   
A) blood viscosity   
B) turbulence   
C) vascular resistance   
D) vessel diameter   
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

49
Q

Edema may occur (only) when
A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.
C) capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
D) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced and capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
E) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

A

E) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

50
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?
A) blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen
B) blood flow changes to match tissue responses
C) changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure
D) blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

51
Q

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in
A) stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain.
B) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.
D) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center.
E) increased heart rate.

A

C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

52
Q

Fear can result in
A) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers.
B) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.
C) decreased heart rate.
D) decreased blood pressure.
E) parasympathetic stimulation.

A

B) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.

53
Q

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased
A) salt and water loss through the kidneys.
B) blood volume.
C) sodium ion levels in blood.
D) venous return and preload.
E) blood pressure.

A

A) salt and water loss through the kidneys.

54
Q

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,
A) heart rate increases.
B) heart rate decreases.
C) stroke volume increases.
D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase.
E) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure.

A

D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

55
Q

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
A) heart rate.
B) cardiac output.
C) blood flow to the lungs.
D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
E) sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

A

D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

56
Q

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
A) decreased blood volume.
B) increased blood pressure.
C) increased body stores of sodium ion.
D) polycythemia.
E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

A

E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

57
Q 
Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest?
A) cardiac output is higher  
B) heart blood flow is higher  
C) skin blood flow is lower
D) abdominal viscera blood flow is lower
E) kidney blood flow is lower
A

C) skin blood flow is lower

58
Q

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body
A) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys.
B) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids.
C) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure.
D) increases water intake.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

59
Q 
ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for  
A) a heart attack.  
B) hypertension.  
C) a serious hemorrhage.  
D) prolonged exercise.  
E) a heavy meal.
A

C) a serious hemorrhage.

60
Q

In response to hemorrhage, there is
A) peripheral vasodilation.
B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C) mobilization of the venous reserve.
D) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

C) mobilization of the venous reserve.

61
Q

During exercise
A) venous return increases.
B) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase.
C) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles.
D) venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

62
Q

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except
A) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure.
B) inhibition of EPO secretion.
C) activation of ADH secretion.
D) activation of aldosterone secretion.
E) increased thirst and water intake.

A

B) inhibition of EPO secretion.

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