Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biosciences > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the metabolism

A

the process of carbon dioxide being removed from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. what detects changes in carbon dioxide levels

2. what does it do to neutralize it a

A

1) the medulla oblongata chemoreceptors

2) adjusts rate and depth of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the aerobic equation

A

food + oxygen = energy (atp) + co2 + water + hear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain the positioning of each lung

A

either side of the mediastinum (mid thoracic cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a strutural difference between the right and left lung

A

right lung = 3 lobes

left lung = 2 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the lobes called in the left and right lung

A 
left= superior/middle and inferior
right= superior and inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain the basic structure of the lung

A

cone shaped
apex
base
medial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

positioning and structure of the apex in the lungs

A
  • rises to the root of neck
  • close to first rib
  • close to blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

positioning and structure of the base in the lungs

A
  • concave and semi-lunar

- lies on the upper thoracic surface of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

positioning and structure of the costal surface

A
  • broad outer surface

- directly against the cavity cartilages/ribs and intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

positioning of the medial surface

A
  • face each other directly across the mediastinum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

area in between the two lungs - mid-line of the thoracic cavity,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the mediastinum (mid thoracic cavity) contain

A

heart / lungs / trachea / lymph vessels & nerves / bronchi
rib cage / intercostal muscles / lymph nodes /thorax / esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the pleura / pleural membrane

A

surrounds each lung and lines the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the different membranes of the pleura

A

parietal pleura

visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do the two pleural membranes do

A

two pleural membrane glide over each other

17
Q

1) which membrane of the pleura is the outer and inner layer

A

parietal pleura = outer layer

visceral pleura = inner layer

18
Q

1) what is the function of the pleura?

2) how is this achieved

A

1) to allow optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing as its adhered to the chest wall
2) the pleura fluid in between the two pleural membranes act as lubricant to allow the parietal and visceral pleura to glide over each other without any friction

19
Q

what does the pleural fluid do

A

reduces friction so membranes can freely slide over each other

20
Q

where is the parietal pleura located

A
  • inside the chest wall

- upper surface of the diaphragm

21
Q

what is the structure that forms the parietal and visceral pleura

A

The pleura is a membrane which fold back onto itself to form a two-layered membranous structure (parietal and visceral)
the pleural is not attached to the other structures in the mediastinum

22
Q

what is the pleural cavity

A

contains the pleural fluid

23
Q

what is the main muscle in inspiration

A

the diaphragm

24
Q

what happens during inspiration

A

the diaphragm contracts downwards increasing the volume - meaning the intercostal muscles which are situated between the ribs can contract swinging the ribs outwards and upwards to increase the size in the thoracic cavity expanding the lungs to pull oxygen down into the lungs

25
Q

what is the technical step by step process of inspiration

A

1- simultaneous contractions between external intercostal muscles and diaphragm expand the thorax
2- parietal pleura sticks to the diaphragm and inside of the ribcage is pulled upwards and outwards
3- this therefore pulls the visceral pleura outwards as they see adhered together via the pleura fluid in the cavity
4- due to the strong tension between the visceral pleura and lungs the lung is therefore pulled outwards with the ribs and downwards with the diaphragm
5- the lung expands and the air in the airways are drawn into the lungs to equalise the atmospheric and alveolar air pressure
6- this is an active process as it needs energy for muscle contraction

26
Q

when are accessory muscles needed in inspiration

A

if greater inspiration occurs

when you cant consciously breathe your accessory muscles kick in using energy

27
Q

what is a side effect of your accessory muscles being used

A

your body compensates therefore physical actions are shown as the body is using extra energy to breathe

28
Q

in children what are the body’s response when accessory muscles are used

A
  • head bobbing
  • nasal flaring
  • trachea tug
  • shoulder shrugging
  • intercostal recession
  • abdominal breathing
29
Q

is inspiration passive or active

A

active

30
Q

is expiration passive or active

2) why?

A

passive

elastic recoil of the lungs

31
Q

explain the process of expiration -

A

intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax resulting in the ribcage to move inwards
elastic recoil of the lungs occur
3) pressure inside the lungs rise as volume in thoracic cavity decrease pushing air out of the respiratory tract
4) at the end of expiration there is still a bit of air left in the lungs ti prevent the collapse of the lungs by the pleura

32
Q

what is internal respiration

A

gaseous exchange between blood and tissue cells

  • oxygen moves into cells
  • carbon dioxide moves out of cells
33
Q

what is external respiration

A

how gasses move between the atmosphere and the body

  • oxygen moves from atmosphere to blood stream
  • carbon dioxide moves from blood into the atmosphere
34
Q

what is gaseous exchange

A

transfer of gasses

35
Q

what are the abnormal breathing sounds in children

A
  • snoring
  • gurgling
  • stridor
  • grunting
  • gasping
  • wheeze
36
Q

what are the structures of the respiratory tract involved in respiration

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
  • pleural membrane
  • muscles of repsiration

biosciences (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions