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Anatomy & Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Adams apple

A

A projection of the thyroid cartilage at the front of the neck.

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2
Q

Voice box

A

The larynx

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3
Q

Trachea

A

A thin walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi, carrying air to the lungs. Also called windpipe.

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4
Q

Cardiac notch

A

The lateral deflection of the anterior border of the left lung, produced to accommodate for the heart.

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5
Q

Thorax

A

The part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm.

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6
Q

Bronchial tree

A

The bronchi and their branching bronchioles.

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7
Q

Alveoli

A

Small outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs and alveolar ducts, through which gas exchange takes place between alveolar gas and pulmonary capillary blood.

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8
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the chlorophyll tissue of plants under the influence of light. Releasing molecular oxygen in the process.

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9
Q

Cellular respiration

A

A catabolic process occurring in cells where complex organic molecules are broken down to release energy for other cellular processes.

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10
Q

ATP

A

A nucleotide that is composed of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups. It releases energy when hydrolyzed to ADP. It is present in all cells and is used to store and transport energy needed for biochemical reactions.

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11
Q

Nasal hairs

A

For filtering foreign particles from entering the nasal cavity and collecting moisture.

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12
Q

Nasal cilia

A

Microscopic cellular strands that draw mucus up toward the pharynx via their coordinated back and forth beating.

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13
Q

Mucus

A

Clear viscid fluid produced by the goblet cells of mucous membranes. It lubricates and protects.

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14
Q

Larynx

A

The muscular and cartilaginous structure, lined with mucous membrane, situated at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue. It contains the vocal cords and passes air through it.

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15
Q

Epiglottis

A

A leaf shaped plate of elastic fibrocartilage, covered with mucous membrane, at the root of the tongue. It stands erect when liquid are being swallowed but is passively bent over by solid foods, acting as a diverter valve over the superior aperture of the larynx.

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16
Q

Esophagus

A

The muscular tube by which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.

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17
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

The nose, throat and trachea

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18
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

The bronchi and lungs

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19
Q

Bronchi

A

Branches of the trachea that extend into the lungs

20
Q

Brunchus

A

Singular of bronchi, one main branch of the trachea leading into the lungs

21
Q

Lobar bronchi

A

The secondary division of the main bronchi that supply the lobes of the lungs. There are 3 lobar bronchi on the right and 2 on the left

22
Q

Segmental bronchus

A

One of the divisions of the lobar bronchus that supplies a bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 in the right lung and 9 in the left lung

23
Q

Carina

A

A ridge like structure of the lowest tracheal cartilage, between the openings of the right and left principal bronchi

24
Q

Conducting bronchioles

A

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes. Bronchioles have no cartilage in their walls, they also have few glands in their mucosa

25
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

The last division of the bronchial tree, continuing to the alveolar ducts.

26
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

The penultimate subdivision of a bronchiole, leading to the respiratory bronchioles.

27
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

The part of the respiratory passages between the respiratory bronchiole and the alveolar sacs and alveoli. Lined by simple cuboidal cells.

28
Q

Alveolar sacs

A

A small air chamber in the pulmonary tissue from which the alveoli project and into which an alveolar duct opens

29
Q

Conducting zone

A

Made up of the nose, pharyns, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. The function is to filter warm and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs.

30
Q

Respiratory zone

A

The respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. The site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

31
Q

Inhale

A

To draw breath into the lungs

32
Q

Exhale

A

To emit gas or vapor, to breathe out.

33
Q

Sternum

A

A plate of long flat bone forming the middle of the anterior wall of the thorax, articulating with the clavicles and the cartilages of the first 7 ribs. It consisted of 2 parts; the corpus, the manubrium and the xiphoid process

34
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Boluntarys muscles between each pair of ribs. On contracting, they raise the rib cage upwards and outwards to increase volume of the chest and cause air to be forced in by atmospheric pressure.

35
Q

Diaphragm

A

A muscular membranous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and functioning in respiration.

36
Q

Ribs

A

A series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in human and extending from the spine towards the sternum.

37
Q

Elastin

A

A protein similar to collagen that is the principal structural component of elastic fibers

38
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Maintenance of a constant internal body temperature independent of the environmental temperature

39
Q

Respiration

A

The process of living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide.

40
Q

Ventilation

A

The act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of noxious air

41
Q

Pharynx

A

The section of alimentary canal between mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx

42
Q

Oral cavity

A

The opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

43
Q

Capillaries

A

The minute blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules. These blood vessels form an intricate network throughout the body for the interchange of various substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissue cells.

44
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

45
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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