Respiratory System Flashcards
What is part of the conducting system?
Nasal cavities to the terminal bronchioles
What is part of the respiratory system?
Respiratory bronchioles to the alveoli
What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?
Psuedostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium
Describe the pathway of the respiratory tree?
Trachea Primary bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Alveoli
What type of epithelium is found in wide bronchioles?
Simple, ciliated, columnar
What type of epithelium is found in narrower bronchioles?
Simple cuboidal
What type of epithelium is found in alveoli?
Simple squamous
what are the pleurae?
Serous membranes that line the thoracic cavity and lungs
What are the two types of pleurae and how do they differ?
Parietal pleurae: lines the inside of the thoracic cavity. It is innervated by the phrenic and intercostal nerves. It is thicker.
Visceral pleurae: lines the lines, is not sensitive to pain, touch or temperature. Its sensory fibres only detect stretch.
where are the two pleurae continuous with one another?
AT the hilum of the lung
What is the space between the pleurae and what doe sit contain?
Pleural cavity, it contains pleural fluid
What does the pleural fluid do?
To provide lubrication to reduce the friction between the two layers
To create surface tension
What are the surfaces of the lungs?
Costal, Mediastinal, diaphragmatic
What provides venous drainage of the lungs and what does it split into?
bronchial veins.
They split into the azygous vein on the right and the accessory hemiazygous vein on the left
What is the point at which the trachea bifurcates called?
Carina
What is the structure of the trachea?
C shaped hyaline cartilage rings – which hold open the airway. They lie anteriorly.
Trachealis muscle lies posteriorly which adjusts the width of the trachea to control air flow and is flexible with the oesophagus.
Which one is anterior, the trachea or the oesophagus?
Trachea
Briefly describe the layers of the trachea?
Top layer = respiratory epithelium (psuedostratified, ciliated, columnar) which has goblet cells that secrete mucous. Submucosa contains seromucous glands which produce a watery mucus secretion.
What is different in the structure of trachea and bronchi?
Bronchi have cartilage arranged as irregular plates
What is the difference between the left and right primary bronchi?
Right bronchus is shorter and more vertical
WHAT CHANGES occur in the structure as the primary bronchi splits into secondary ?
Cartilage rings becomes smaller and fewer
What are bronchioles made up of?
They do not contain cartilage and are made up of smooth muscle
what is the function of type 1 pneumocytes and describe them?
Type 1: primarily involved in gas exchange. They are flat cells with a thin cytoplasm.
They cover 95% fo the surface
what is the function of type 2 pneumocytes and describe their shape?
They produce surfactant to reduce surface tension of the alveoli. They are also progenitor cells.
They are cuboidal