Respiratory System

Question 1

Primary function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

is
the intake of oxygen and the removal of
carbon dioxide from the blood.

Question 2

Alveoli

Answer 2

are the smallest functional unit of the
respiratory system where the actual gas
exchange occurs

Question 3

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

is characterized by the
secretion of excessively viscous mucus by all
the exocrine glands

Question 4

Hyaline membrane disease

Answer 4

It is caused by a lack of surfactant in

immature lungs

Question 5

Croup

Answer 5

is primarily a viral infection of young
children that produces inflammatory
obstructive swelling localized to the subglottic
portion of the trachea.

Question 6

Epiglottitis

Answer 6

most commonly caused by
Haemophilus influenzae in children.
 It causes thickening of epiglottic tissue and
the surrounding pharyngeal structures

Question 7

Pneumonia

Answer 7

is an inflammation of the lung that
can be caused by a variety of organisms,
most commonly bacteria and viruses

Question 8

Anthrax

Answer 8

caused by Bacillus anthracis

Question 9

Lung abscess

Answer 9

is a necrotic area of pulmonary
parenchyma containing purulent (puslike)
material.

Question 10

Tuberculosis

Answer 10

It is a rod-shaped bacterium with a protective
waxy coat - permits it to live outside the body for a
long time.

Question 11

 Pulmonary mycosis

Answer 11

is a fungal infection of the
lung.
 The most common systemic fungal infections
in North America are:
 Histoplasmosis
 Coccidioidomycosis

Question 12

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 12

is a severe pulmonary
disease caused by inhalation of irritating
particles.

Question 13

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Answer 13

is primary

carcinoma of the lung.

Question 14

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (AV)

Answer 14

is an
abnormal vascular communication between a
pulmonary artery and a vein.

Question 15

Atelectasis

Answer 15

is defined as a condition in which
there is diminished air within the lung
associated with reduced lung volume

Question 16

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ARDS

Answer 16

Lung structure breaks down, with massive
leakage of cells and fluid into the interstitial
and alveolar spaces.

Question 17

Mediastinal emphysema

Answer 17

is defined as air

within the mediastinum.

Question 18

Subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 18

is defined as free

air in the tissues of the chest wall.

Question 19

Pneumothorax

Answer 19

is the presence of air in the
pleural cavity, resulting in a partial or
complete collapse of the lung

Question 20

Pleural effusion

Answer 20

is defined as the accumulation of

fluid in the pleural space.

Question 21

Empyema

Answer 21

is defined as a rare accumulation
of infected liquid or frank pus in the pleural
space

Question 22

Anterior

Answer 22

• extends from the sternum back to the

trachea and the anterior border of the heart

Question 23

Middle

Answer 23

• contains the heart , great vessels, central
  tracheobronchial tree, lymph nodes, and the
  phrenic nerves

Question 24

Posterior

Answer 24

• is the space behind the pericardium

Question 25

Eventration of the diaphragm

Answer 25

is a rare
congenital abnormality in which one
hemidiaphragm (very rarely both) is poorly
developed and weak.