Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the state of the diaphragm during inhale and exhale?

Answer 1

Inhale: contracts, flat
Exhale: relaxes, pyramid

Question 2

What two components of your body help you exhale?

Answer 2

• diaphragm

- weight of rib cage

Question 3

If the pressure in your alveoli is greater than the atmospheric pressure, are you inhaling or exhaling?

Answer 3

exhale

Question 4

What part of this system has cartilage rings and why?

Answer 4

Trachea

- to remain open even when pressure drops

Question 5

What is the purpose of surfactant?

Answer 5

To decrease surface tension in the lungs

Question 6

Which body cavity is this system in?

Answer 6

Thoracic

Question 7

Where is oxygen stored in RBCs?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin

Question 8

Hemoglobin is a __?

Answer 8

protein

Question 9

How many lobes are in each lung?

Answer 9

RIGHT: 3
LEFT: 2

Question 10

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 10

the use of oxygen by a cell to make ATP

Question 11

What is external respiration?

Answer 11

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between organism and environment

- i.e. breathing in and out

Question 12

What is partial pressure?

Answer 12

The pressure exerted by one of the gases in a mixture it it were to occupy the same volume by itself

Question 13

What is dead space?

Answer 13

The volume of air inhaled that does not take part in gas exchange

Question 14

What generates movement in the respiratory system?

Answer 14

The skeleto-muscular pump

Question 15

What are the characteristics of the trachea epithelium and what is its purpose?

Answer 15

Ciliated and secretes mucus

- mucus traps foreign particles and cilia brings the mucus up the trachea towards pharynx to be swallowed

Question 16

What are the muscles used for expiration?

Answer 16

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

Question 17

What are the muscles used for inhalation?

Answer 17

Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes

Question 18

Which part of the pleura is on the lungs?

Answer 18

Visceral pleura

Question 19

Which part of the pleura is in between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura?

Answer 19

Pleura space

Question 20

What is the purpose of the pleural fluid?

Answer 20

To lubricate the membrane so they do not stick when you breathe and to keep lungs against chest wall

Question 21

What are the 3 alveoli cells?

Answer 21

• type 1
• type 2
• macrophages

Question 22

What do the Type 1 alveoli cells do?

Answer 22

They are involved in gas exchange

Question 23

What do the Type 2 alveoli cells do?

Answer 23

Secrete surfactant

Question 24

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 24

Increasing container volume decreases gas pressure and vice versa.

Question 25

What will happen if the lung detaches from the pleural membrane?

Answer 25

It will collapse

Question 26

What if P(alv) = P(atm)?

Answer 26

there will be no air flow

Question 27

What is the P(atm) at sea level?

Answer 27

760 mmHg

Question 28

The muscles for inspiration are ___ muscles, innervated by what system?

Answer 28

Skeletal, somatic system

Question 29

What is the typical value of intrapleural pressure?

Answer 29

-3 mmHg

Question 30

Select all that are correct. A. Alveolar pressure is at highest value mid expiration. B. Alveolar pressure is at lowest value mid expiration. C. Alveolar pressure is at highest value mid inspiration D. Alveolar pressure is at lowest value mid inspiration

Answer 30

A and D

Question 31

When is airway resistance the greatest?

Answer 31

During expiration

Question 32

During hyperventilation, are CO2 and O2 increasing or decreasing?

Answer 32

CO2: decreasing O2: increasing

Question 33

What is the only volume that CANNOT be measured by a spirometer?

Answer 33

Residual volume

Question 34

What is residual volume?

Answer 34

The amount of air remaining in lungs after exhaling your vital capacity

Question 35

What is lung compliance and what does it mean when the lung has greater compliance?

Answer 35

- How much force must the muscles exert to stretch the lungs | - easier to stretch

Question 36

What is the Law of LaPlace?

Answer 36

P = 2T / r | - smaller bubbles have higher pressure

Question 37

What is the normal value of FEV1?

Answer 37

more than 80%

Question 38

What is a restrictive lung disease?

Answer 38

decreased lung compliance, lungs cannot expand fully

Question 39

What is an obstructive lung disease?

Answer 39

Increased resistance in the airway

Question 40

How to calculate alveolar ventilation?

Answer 40

breaths/minute x (tidal volume - dead space)

Question 41

What state are you in during hypoventilation, alkalosis or acidosis?

Answer 41

acidosis

Question 42

Type A vs. Type B intercalated cells: which help for alkalosis and which for acidosis?

Answer 42

TYPE A: acidosis | TYPE B: alkalosis

Question 43

Which alveoli secrete surfactant?

Answer 43

type 2

Question 44

When FEV1% is reduced, is the lung disease obstructive or restrictive?

Answer 44

Obstructive