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PHYL 1010 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the state of the diaphragm during inhale and exhale?

A

Inhale: contracts, flat
Exhale: relaxes, pyramid

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2
Q

What two components of your body help you exhale?

A
  • diaphragm

- weight of rib cage

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3
Q

If the pressure in your alveoli is greater than the atmospheric pressure, are you inhaling or exhaling?

A

exhale

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4
Q

What part of this system has cartilage rings and why?

A

Trachea

- to remain open even when pressure drops

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5
Q

What is the purpose of surfactant?

A

To decrease surface tension in the lungs

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6
Q

Which body cavity is this system in?

A

Thoracic

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7
Q

Where is oxygen stored in RBCs?

A

Hemoglobin

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8
Q

Hemoglobin is a __?

A

protein

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9
Q

How many lobes are in each lung?

A

RIGHT: 3
LEFT: 2

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10
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

the use of oxygen by a cell to make ATP

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11
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between organism and environment

- i.e. breathing in and out

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12
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by one of the gases in a mixture it it were to occupy the same volume by itself

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13
Q

What is dead space?

A

The volume of air inhaled that does not take part in gas exchange

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14
Q

What generates movement in the respiratory system?

A

The skeleto-muscular pump

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the trachea epithelium and what is its purpose?

A

Ciliated and secretes mucus

- mucus traps foreign particles and cilia brings the mucus up the trachea towards pharynx to be swallowed

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16
Q

What are the muscles used for expiration?

A

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

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17
Q

What are the muscles used for inhalation?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes

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18
Q

Which part of the pleura is on the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura

19
Q

Which part of the pleura is in between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura?

A

Pleura space

20
Q

What is the purpose of the pleural fluid?

A

To lubricate the membrane so they do not stick when you breathe and to keep lungs against chest wall

21
Q

What are the 3 alveoli cells?

A
  • type 1
  • type 2
  • macrophages
22
Q

What do the Type 1 alveoli cells do?

A

They are involved in gas exchange

23
Q

What do the Type 2 alveoli cells do?

A

Secrete surfactant

24
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Increasing container volume decreases gas pressure and vice versa.

25
Q

What will happen if the lung detaches from the pleural membrane?

A

It will collapse

26
Q

What if P(alv) = P(atm)?

A

there will be no air flow

27
Q

What is the P(atm) at sea level?

A

760 mmHg

28
Q

The muscles for inspiration are ___ muscles, innervated by what system?

A

Skeletal, somatic system

29
Q

What is the typical value of intrapleural pressure?

A

-3 mmHg

30
Q

Select all that are correct.

A. Alveolar pressure is at highest value mid expiration.

B. Alveolar pressure is at lowest value mid expiration.

C. Alveolar pressure is at highest value mid inspiration

D. Alveolar pressure is at lowest value mid inspiration

A

A and D

31
Q

When is airway resistance the greatest?

A

During expiration

32
Q

During hyperventilation, are CO2 and O2 increasing or decreasing?

A

CO2: decreasing
O2: increasing

33
Q

What is the only volume that CANNOT be measured by a spirometer?

A

Residual volume

34
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The amount of air remaining in lungs after exhaling your vital capacity

35
Q

What is lung compliance and what does it mean when the lung has greater compliance?

A
  • How much force must the muscles exert to stretch the lungs

- easier to stretch

36
Q

What is the Law of LaPlace?

A

P = 2T / r

- smaller bubbles have higher pressure

37
Q

What is the normal value of FEV1?

A

more than 80%

38
Q

What is a restrictive lung disease?

A

decreased lung compliance, lungs cannot expand fully

39
Q

What is an obstructive lung disease?

A

Increased resistance in the airway

40
Q

How to calculate alveolar ventilation?

A

breaths/minute x (tidal volume - dead space)

41
Q

What state are you in during hypoventilation, alkalosis or acidosis?

A

acidosis

42
Q

Type A vs. Type B intercalated cells: which help for alkalosis and which for acidosis?

A

TYPE A: acidosis

TYPE B: alkalosis

43
Q

Which alveoli secrete surfactant?

A

type 2

44
Q

When FEV1% is reduced, is the lung disease obstructive or restrictive?

A

Obstructive

PHYL 1010 (6 decks)

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