FINAL

Question 1

Which cholesterol is the good kind and what does it do?

Answer 1

HDL

- takes cholesterol from cells back into the liver

Question 2

What does LDH do?

Answer 2

Takes cholesterol from liver into cells

Question 3

During the 7th week of gestation, what is developed?

Answer 3

Mullarian / Wolffian ducts

Question 4

Local control restricted to ____.

Reflex control restricted to _____.

Answer 4

• tissue

- systems

Question 5

A hormone cannot act on a cell to cause a response unless it has a ___.

Answer 5

ligand

Question 6

What is a half-life?

Answer 6

The time is takes for the hormone to reach half its concentration

Question 7

What is indirect calorimetry?

Answer 7

Measure of the amount of O2 consumed

Question 8

What is direct calorimetry?

Answer 8

Measure of heat produced

Question 9

What are 4 things that BMR is determined by?

Answer 9

• age
• sex
• amount of lean muscle
• hormones

Question 10

What is leptin and what does it do (and inhibit)?

Answer 10

• Peptide hormone

- released from adipose tissue when fat stores are sufficient to decrease eating by INHIBITING NPY

Question 11

What is the law of thermodynamics?

Answer 11

Total energy content = energy stored + output energy + input energy

Question 12

What is the difference between METABOLIC RATE and BASAL METABOLIC RATE?

Answer 12

METABOLIC RATE: total energy output

BMR: lowest energy expenditure

Question 13

Metabolic rate = L O2 x _____

Answer 13

4.8Kcal / L O2

Question 14

The 3 ways to produce heat OUTPUT

Answer 14

• Conduction : cold bath
• Evaporation : sweat
• Convection : wind carries heat away

Question 15

What is hyperthermia and the 2 kinds?

Answer 15

When body T is too high

• heat exhaustion
• heat stroke

Question 16

What is hypothermia?

Answer 16

When body temperature is too low

Question 17

When body T is too low, what happens to arterioles and blood flow?

Answer 17

VasoCONSTRICTION
- to decrease risk of heat loss
BLOOD FLOW DECREASES

Question 18

When body T is too high, what happens to arterioles and blood flow?

Answer 18

VasoDILATION
- to increase heat output
BLOOD FLOW INCREASES

Question 19

Is genesis the breakdown of a compound or the production?

Answer 19

Production

Question 20

What are the receptors called that detect change in core body temperature?

Answer 20

Central receptors

Question 21

What does a fever do to the temperature set point of the hypothalamus?

Answer 21

Increases it, so you feel cold when it really is not

Question 22

What is metabolism?

Answer 22

All chemical reactions that occur in the human body

Question 23

What is absorptive state?

Answer 23

FED

- nutrients is entering circulation via GI tract

Question 24

What is post absorptive state?

Answer 24

FASTED

- nutrients is no longer available and we must rely on energy stores

Question 25

In which state will catabolic reactions mostly take place? Anabolic reactions? (FED/FASTED)

Answer 25

catabolic: FASTED anabolic: FED

Question 26

Glycolysis is ____ - _____.

Answer 26

GLUCOSE - PYRUVATE

Question 27

Bile salts are produced in the ____ and stored in the ____.

Answer 27

- liver | - gallbladder

Question 28

The development of Wolffian/Mullerian ducts is determined by the development of the _____.

Answer 28

Testes

Question 29

Without testes, Mullerian ducts _____ and Wolffian ducts ______.

Answer 29

- develop | - regress

Question 30

What is the function of 5alpha-reductase and where is it found?

Answer 30

- converts testosterone to DHT | - by small amounts in muscle

Question 31

If SRY gene is not functioning, what are the internal and external genitalia?

Answer 31

Female internal, female external genitalia (XY females)

Question 32

What happens when their is a mutation in the 5alpha-reductase?

Answer 32

Testosterone cannot be converted into DHT, therefore patient will have absent external genitalia

Question 33

Glycogenesis occurs where? ______ - _______

Answer 33

In skeletal muscle and liver | - glucose - glycogen

Question 34

What does AMH do?

Answer 34

- anti-müllerian hormone | Regresses Müllerian ducts from developing

Question 35

What is the sperm pathway?

Answer 35

1. seminiferous tubules 2. epididymis 3. vas deferens 4. urethra 5. external environment

Question 36

What do Sertoli cells do and what hormone stimulates them?

Answer 36

- regulate sperm development - nurture developing sperms - FSH

Question 37

What do Leydig cells do and what hormone stimulates them?

Answer 37

Produce testosterone | - LH

Question 38

What are the two hormones secreted by the ovaries?

Answer 38

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 39

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 39

Thickening of the uterine lining

Question 40

Why is AMH a part of egg production?

Answer 40

To ensure there is only one dominant follicle being developed

Question 41

What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 41

- follicular - ovulation - luteal phase

Question 42

Granulosa cells are stimulated by ___ hormone and thecal cells are stimulated by _____ hormone.

Answer 42

- FSH | - LH

Question 43

What are the 2 main cells in reproduction for males / females?

Answer 43

MALES: Leydig cells, Sertoli cells FEMALES: Granulosa cells, theca cells