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PHYL 1010 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Which cholesterol is the good kind and what does it do?

A

HDL

- takes cholesterol from cells back into the liver

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2
Q

What does LDH do?

A

Takes cholesterol from liver into cells

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3
Q

During the 7th week of gestation, what is developed?

A

Mullarian / Wolffian ducts

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4
Q

Local control restricted to ____.

Reflex control restricted to _____.

A
  • tissue

- systems

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5
Q

A hormone cannot act on a cell to cause a response unless it has a ___.

A

ligand

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6
Q

What is a half-life?

A

The time is takes for the hormone to reach half its concentration

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7
Q

What is indirect calorimetry?

A

Measure of the amount of O2 consumed

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8
Q

What is direct calorimetry?

A

Measure of heat produced

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9
Q

What are 4 things that BMR is determined by?

A
  • age
  • sex
  • amount of lean muscle
  • hormones
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10
Q

What is leptin and what does it do (and inhibit)?

A
  • Peptide hormone

- released from adipose tissue when fat stores are sufficient to decrease eating by INHIBITING NPY

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11
Q

What is the law of thermodynamics?

A

Total energy content = energy stored + output energy + input energy

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12
Q

What is the difference between METABOLIC RATE and BASAL METABOLIC RATE?

A

METABOLIC RATE: total energy output

BMR: lowest energy expenditure

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13
Q

Metabolic rate = L O2 x _____

A

4.8Kcal / L O2

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14
Q

The 3 ways to produce heat OUTPUT

A
  • Conduction : cold bath
  • Evaporation : sweat
  • Convection : wind carries heat away
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15
Q

What is hyperthermia and the 2 kinds?

A

When body T is too high

  • heat exhaustion
  • heat stroke
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16
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

When body temperature is too low

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17
Q

When body T is too low, what happens to arterioles and blood flow?

A

VasoCONSTRICTION
- to decrease risk of heat loss
BLOOD FLOW DECREASES

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18
Q

When body T is too high, what happens to arterioles and blood flow?

A

VasoDILATION
- to increase heat output
BLOOD FLOW INCREASES

19
Q

Is genesis the breakdown of a compound or the production?

A

Production

20
Q

What are the receptors called that detect change in core body temperature?

A

Central receptors

21
Q

What does a fever do to the temperature set point of the hypothalamus?

A

Increases it, so you feel cold when it really is not

22
Q

What is metabolism?

A

All chemical reactions that occur in the human body

23
Q

What is absorptive state?

A

FED

- nutrients is entering circulation via GI tract

24
Q

What is post absorptive state?

A

FASTED

- nutrients is no longer available and we must rely on energy stores

25
Q

In which state will catabolic reactions mostly take place? Anabolic reactions? (FED/FASTED)

A

catabolic: FASTED
anabolic: FED

26
Q

Glycolysis is ____ - _____.

A

GLUCOSE - PYRUVATE

27
Q

Bile salts are produced in the ____ and stored in the ____.

A
  • liver

- gallbladder

28
Q

The development of Wolffian/Mullerian ducts is determined by the development of the _____.

A

Testes

29
Q

Without testes, Mullerian ducts _____ and Wolffian ducts ______.

A
  • develop

- regress

30
Q

What is the function of 5alpha-reductase and where is it found?

A
  • converts testosterone to DHT

- by small amounts in muscle

31
Q

If SRY gene is not functioning, what are the internal and external genitalia?

A

Female internal, female external genitalia (XY females)

32
Q

What happens when their is a mutation in the 5alpha-reductase?

A

Testosterone cannot be converted into DHT, therefore patient will have absent external genitalia

33
Q

Glycogenesis occurs where? ______ - _______

A

In skeletal muscle and liver

- glucose - glycogen

34
Q

What does AMH do?

A
  • anti-müllerian hormone

Regresses Müllerian ducts from developing

35
Q

What is the sperm pathway?

A
  1. seminiferous tubules
  2. epididymis
  3. vas deferens
  4. urethra
  5. external environment
36
Q

What do Sertoli cells do and what hormone stimulates them?

A
  • regulate sperm development
  • nurture developing sperms
  • FSH
37
Q

What do Leydig cells do and what hormone stimulates them?

A

Produce testosterone

- LH

38
Q

What are the two hormones secreted by the ovaries?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

39
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Thickening of the uterine lining

40
Q

Why is AMH a part of egg production?

A

To ensure there is only one dominant follicle being developed

41
Q

What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

A
  • follicular
  • ovulation
  • luteal phase
42
Q

Granulosa cells are stimulated by ___ hormone and thecal cells are stimulated by _____ hormone.

A
  • FSH

- LH

43
Q

What are the 2 main cells in reproduction for males / females?

A

MALES: Leydig cells, Sertoli cells
FEMALES: Granulosa cells, theca cells

PHYL 1010 (6 decks)

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