Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Inservice 1 > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

0
Q

What are the structures of respiratory system?

A 
Nares/nostrils
Nasal cavity/nasal conchea
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Primary secondary tertiary
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar duct
Alveolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is boyles law? Principle of ventilation?

A

Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure at a constant tempt
Air flows along a pressure gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many lobes on each side?

A

Right has 3

Left has 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are main components of the respiratory membrane?

A

Endothelium cells of capillary
Epithelium cells of alveoli
Surfactant layer
Interstitial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What occurs with Ventilation?

A

Air in and out of lungs
Inspiration- pressure inside is less than outside
Expiration- pressure inside is greater than outside
Occurs through pressure gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Simple form of gas exchange?

A

External- lungs to blood

Internal- Blood to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens with inspiration?

A

Contraction of muscles increases thoracic cavity volume
Quiet- uses diaphragm, external intercostals
Forced- sternocleidomastiod, serrated, scalene (accessory muscles of neck)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in expiration?

A

Volume thoracic decreases
Quiet- passive process, relaxation of inspiratory muscles
Forced- active process, internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What facilitates lungs to collapse?

A

Elastic recoil-Fibres in alveoli wall

Surface tension-Droplets between water and air at boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What opposes lung collapse?

A

Intrapleural pressure-Resists natural recoil

Surfactant-Decrease surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is compliance?

A

Increased compliance- allows greater expansion of thoracic cavity eg. Emphysema
Decreased compliance- harder to inflate lungs eg. Airway obstructions/asthma, pulmonary oedema, copd, fibrosis, musculoskeletal probs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Air either inspired or expired from lungs normally

500mls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Amount of air inspired forcefully after normal tidal volume inspiration
3100ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Amount of forceful expired air after normal tidal volume expiration
1200ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Max. expelled air from lungs after Max. inspiration.
Sum = tidal volume
Inspiratory/expiratory reserve volume
4800ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Air left in lungs after total expiration possible

1200ml

16
Q

What is lung capacity?

A 
Total volume of air lungs can hold
Sum= tidal volume
          Inspiratory/expiratory reserve volume
          Residual volume
6000ml
17
Q

How does gas diffuse?

A

From high concentration to low concentration

18
Q

What happens with oxygen transport?

A
  1. 5% attach to heamoglobin

1. 5% attach to plasma

19
Q

How does co2 transport?

A

7% dissolved in plasma
23% attach to heamoglobin
70% transforms to bicarbonate ions

20
Q

What is co2?

A

By-product of metabolism ?????

Metabolised in tissues/cells

21
Q

What happens in co2 Tx?

A

Co2 leaves cells into blood circulation, where 23% attaches to haemoglobin and 70% transforms into bicarbonate ions.
Co2 = cabamino haemoglobin
Bicarbonate = Combines with H2O by carbonic anhydrase creating h2co3= carbonic acid. This results in separation and forming bicarbonate ions plus hydrogen, HCO3 & H+.

22
Q

How is respiration controlled?

A

Chemoreceptors in brainstem (pons, medulla oblongata) pick up extra hydrogen in circulation (meaning increase in CO2) therefore sending message down intercostal nerves and phrenic nerves to diaphragm, increasing RR and effort/force.
If there’s a decrease of hydrogen, RR decreases along with effort/force

23
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Pink puffer
Increased compliance/trapped air in lungs
Decreased/destruction elasticity of alveoli
Enlarged alveoli
Alveolar capillaries are destroyed
Barrel chest
Tripod posture

24
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Blue bloater
Inflammation and narrow of bronchi
Mucus
Cyanosis

25
Q

Treatment copd?

A

A2
Salbutamol
Ipratropium bromide
Urgent Tx

Inservice 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions