Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

What is MAP?

A

Mean arterial pressure.
Perfusion pressure.
Average pressure in arteries during one cardiac cycle. Relationship between Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.
Normally between 70-110mmHg
Calculation - diastolic + 1/3(sys -diastolic)

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1
Q

Describe how heart works?

A

Deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation from inferior and superior vena cavas enters right atrium > thru tricuspid valve > into right ventricle > they pulmonary valve > into pulmonary circulation > into left atrium > thru bicuspid valve > into left ventricle > through aortic valve > into systemic circulation

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2
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood from heart, except pulmonary and umbilical arteries.
Higher pressure.

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3
Q

What do veins do?

A
Carry deoxygenated blood thru systemic circulation back to heart, except pulmonary and umbilical veins. 
Closer to skin. 
Low pressure. 
Contain valves to help blood flow. 
Can collapse with no blood.
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4
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Smallest of all vessels.
One layer of endothelial cells.
Contain arterioles and venules to help enable has exchange.
Lungs- O2 exchange for co2
Tissues- O2, co2, nutrients and waste
Kidneys- wastes eliminates
Intestines- nutrients picked up, waste released

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5
Q

What happens in the conduction system?

A

SA node sends electrical impulse to AV node > contraction of atria.
AV node sends impulse down bundle of HIS, down left/right bundle branches around thru purkinji fibres > contraction of ventricles.

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6
Q

What are cardiomyocytes?

A

High mitochondria density which allows quick production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) making them highly resistant to fatigue.
They make up cardiac muscle.

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7
Q

What is a cardiac cycle?

A

AV valves close marking the beginning of cycle.
Systole-Ventricles contract ejecting blood into aortic and pulmonary valves into trunks.
Ventricles relax > semi lunar valves close > beginning of diastole
All valves closed
Diastole- Pressure in ventricles is lower than atria > atria contract and eject blood, filling relaxed ventricles

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8
Q

Calculation of cardiac output?

A

CO = HR x SV

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9
Q

Calculation of ejection fraction?

A

Amount of blood pumped out of ventricle / total amount of blood in ventricle = ejection fraction %

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10
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms to increase SV?

A

Increase in end diastolic volume (blood in ventricle prior to contraction)
Increase in sympathetic system activity

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11
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood pumped by heart per minute

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12
Q

What is frank starlings law?

A

Stroke volume of heart increases when volume of blood increases when filling the heart. Stretch factor triggers a more forceful contraction

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13
Q

What is ANP? ANH

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide/hormone
Senses increase bp when atria stretch.
Shuts off RAAS and stabilises

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14
Q

How is the heart perfused?

A

Collects oxygenated blood from left ventricle, supplying arteries covering myocardial cells and deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the coronary sinus

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