Respiratory System Flashcards
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Q
Nikethamidum
A
A= direct acting respiratory stimulant/analeptics B= acts by stimulating the respiratory centre directly --> stimulates respiratory muscles (as well as non-respiratory muscles) and clears the respiratory secretions C= ventilatory failure in COPD, Hypercapnic respiratory failure
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Q
Theophyllinum
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A= metylxanthine derivative, bronchodilator (+weak diuretics) B= acts by inhibiting two isoenzymes of phosphodiesterase family (PDE4&3)-->increases i/c levels of cAMP and cGMP --> relaxes SMC & reduces immune and inflammatory activities by immune cells. Also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist + enhances histone deacetylation ny recruiting histone deacteylactylases to the site of inflammatory gene transcription C= symptomatic management or prevention of asthma & reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysemaSqaWqdEsEdDZ
2
Q
Dextromethorphanum (should not be taken when patient is on monoamine oxidase B inhibitors)
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A= centrally acting, non narcotic antitussive, opioid derivative B= reduces cough reflex by acting centrally on the respiratory centre in the medulla and nucleus tractus Solaris (increases the cough threshold). As a NMDA-receptor antagonist exert some anaesthetic functions C= acute coughing, temporary relief of coughs, colds, allergies, inhaled irritants
3
Q
Prenoxdiazinum
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A= antitussive, peripherally acting C= anti inflammatory, broncholytic and local anaesthetics properties. Acts in the respiratory tract to reduce tussal impulses by local anaesthetic properties(= reduces excitability of peripheral receptors in the resp tract) C= suppresses coughing, (non-productive cough)
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Q
Guaifenesinum
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A= expectorant B= reduces sputum viscosity and facilitates expectoration by increasing RIT fluid C= symptomatic management of productive cough to loosen and thin sputum and bronchial secretions. Improves cough symptoms related with common colds, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, pertussis, influensa, measles and chronic sinusitis.
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Q
Acetylcysteine (prodrug)
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A= mucolytic agent, sulfhydryl donor, direct acting expectorant (antidote for acetaminophen poisoning (pain killer, paracetamol)) B= dissolves sputum by destroying its protein structure, the mucolytic effect comes from the free sulfhydryl group which appear to reduce the disulfide bonds in the mucous matrix through an intercharge reaction C= reduction of sputum viscosity in chronic asthma, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, sinusitis
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Q
Ambroxolum
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A= direct acting expectorant, mucolytic (secretolytic) B= stimulates synthesis and release of surfactant by type 2 pneumocytes(reduces mucous adherence to bronchial wall and providing protection against infection and irritating agents). Also inhibits the NO-dependent activation of guanylate cyclase-> suppresses excessive mucous secretion --> improved mucociliary transport of bronchial secretions C= treatment of respiratory diseases associated with excessive mucous and impaired mucous clearanc
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Q
Fenoterolum (short and fast acting)
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A= beta 2 adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetic), asthma medication, tocolytic B= beta2 receptor stimulation in the lungs and airways causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, bronchodilatation and increased bronchial airflow C= asthma treatment, termination of acute asthmatic attack
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Q
Salmeterol (long and slow acting)
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A= selective partial B2 agonist, anti asthmatic, sympathomimetic, bronchodilator B= beta 2 stimulation causes relaxation of bronchial SMC, bronchodilation and increased bronchial airflow (increases cAMP by stimulating adenylyl cyclase + inhibits mediator release by immune cells) C= asthma treatment and COPD (not acute episodes-->prevention)
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Q
Ipratropium
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A= cholinonegative drug, synthetic competetive non selective muscarinic antagonist (quaternary ammonium compounds) B= blocks M3 receptors --> reduces/prevents bronchospasm (opposite effects of parasympathetic system) by reducing the formation of cGMP which leads to decreased contractility of smooth muscle C= prevention and relief of acute episodes of bronchospasm and in inhalations against COPD and asthma.
10
Q
Ipratropium/fenoterolum
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Ipratropium/fenoterolum
11
Q
Aminophylline
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A= metylxanthine derivative, bronchodilator, theophylline derivative B= after ingestion, theophylline is released which relaxes the SMC of bronchi and pulmonary bv, reduces airway responsiveness to histamine, adenosine and allergens--> phosphodiesterase inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, histone deacetylase activator C= asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD
12
Q
Beclometasonum
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A= Synthetic glucocorticoid with anti inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effects B= alters gene expression by binding to specific cytoplasmic receptors. The results includes inhibition of leu infiltration, interference in the function of mediators of inflammation, suppression of humoral immune response, reduction in edema and scar tissue. The anti inflammatory properties involves phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation. C= maintenance treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis (seasonal or prerennial). Chrons disease GvHD
13
Q
Methylprednisolone
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A= Synthetic glucocorticoid with anti inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effects B= alters gene expression by binding to specific cytoplasmic receptors. The results includes inhibition of leu infiltration, interference in the function of mediators of inflammation, suppression of humoral immune response, reduction in edema and scar tissue. The anti inflammatory properties involves phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation. C= maintenance treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis (seasonal or prerennial). Chrons disease GvHD
14
Q
Sodium cromoglicate
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A= antihistamine B= inhibits degranulation of mast cells--> subsequently preventing the release of histamine and other BAS, May also act by inhibiting calcium influx B= prophylaxis and treatment of bronchial asthma, keratitis, rhinitis, allergies (does not affect already established asthmatic attack)
