Diuretics/1st Class Flashcards
0
Q
Indapamide (tab 1,5mg;2,5mg)
A
A= sulphanilamide diuretic, antihypertensive (thiazide-like diuretics), long acting B= enhances excretion sodium, chloride and water by interfering with the transport of sodium ions across the renal tubular epithelium. Indirectly increases potassium excretion by increasing sodium load at the distal renal tubular site of sodium-potassium exchange. Is also thought to stimulate the synthesis of the vasodilatory hypotensive prostaglandin PGE2. C= congestive heart failure, hypertension, edema
1
Q
Hydrochlorothiazidine tab 25mg, tab 100mg
A
A= antihypertensive drugs, thiazide-type diuretics B= acts on the distal convulated tubules of kidneys and inhibits the sodium-chloride symporter leading to retention of water in the urine (inhibits sodium reabsorption). In this way, blood plasma volume is reduced, and thus blood pressure is reduced (due to decreased preload) C= Heart failure, hypertension, oedema, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, nephrolithiasis
2
Q
Metolazone
A
A= thiazide-like (quinazoline) diuretics, antihypertensive B= acts primarily to inhibit sodium reabsorption at the cortical diluting site and to a lesser extent in the proximal convulated tubule. The increased sodium delivery to distal tubular exchange site results in increased potassium excretion causing diuretic effects (water follows the electrolytes) C= hypertension treatment (usually in combination treatment), chronic renal failure,
3
Q
Furosemide tab40mg
A
A= antihypertensive drugs, loop diuretics, fast acting diruetics B= acts on the thick portion of the ascending limb of henleys loop, where they inhibit Na+/K+/2CL- cotransporter. As a result, these electrolytes, together with water, are excreted in larger amounts. Also cause vasodilation of veins and kidneys blood vessel --> mechanically decreasing blood pressure C= acute heart faiulre, severe hypertension, pulmonary oedema, cerebral oedema, oliguria due to renal failure, hypertensive crisis, hypercalcemia
4
Q
Torasemide tab5mg; 10mg: 50mg; 100mg
A
A= antihypertensie drugs, pyridine-sulfonylurea type loop diuretics B= acts on the thick portion of the ascending limb of henleys loop, where they inhibit Na+/K+/2CL- cotransporter. As a result, these electrolytes, together with water, are excreted in larger amounts.Also cause vasodilation of veins and kidneys blood vessel --> mechanically decreasing blood pressure C= heart faiulre, severe hypertension, edemas, empathic cirrhosis, renal impairment, nephrotic syndrome, hypercalcemia
5
Q
Spironolactone tab 25mg
A
A= synthetic steroid, aldosterone antagonist, potassium sparing diuretic, antihypertensive B= blocks cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid aldosterone receptors in collecting tubules of nephrons --> increased salt and water excretion while potassium is retained. Also blocks androgen receptors--> anti androgenic effects C= chronic heart failure, aldosteronism (conns syndrome, adrenal tumors), hypertension, edema in patients with congestive heart failure and nephrotic syndrome, hypokalemia,
6
Q
Eplerenone
A
A= synthetic steroid, aldosterone antagonist, potassium sparing diuretic, antihypertensive B= blocks cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid aldosterone receptors in collecting tubules of nephrons --> increased salt and water excretion while potassium is retained. Also blocks androgen receptors--> anti androgenic effects C= chronic heart failure, aldosteronism (conns syndrome, adrenal tumors), hypertension, edema in patients with congestive heart failure and nephrotic syndrome, hypokalemia,
7
Q
Tolterodine
A
A= cholinonegative drug, m3 selective competetive antagonist B= blocks M3 and M2 receptors located on detrusor muscle of bladder -->inhibition of bladder contraction, decrease in detrusor pressure and an incomplete emptying of bladder C= urinary incontinence
8
Q
Mannitol
A
A= osmotic diuretics, antihypertensive, fast acting diruetics B= Osmotic diuretics have their major effect in the proximal tubule and the descending limb of Henle’s loop. through osmotic effects, they also oppose the action of ADH in the collecting tubule. The presence of a nonreabsorbable solute such as mannitol prevents the normal absorption of water by interposing a countervailing osmotic force. As a result, urine volume increases. C= Renal failure due to increased solute load (rhabdomyolysis, chemotherapy), increased intracranial pressure, glaucoma, pulmonary or cerebral oedema, oliguria due to Renal failure, acute heart failure, hypertensive crisis, hypercalcemia
9
Q
Tamsulosin
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A= adrenonegative drug, competitive uroselcetive alpha1a antagonist, sulfamoylphenethylamine derivative B= has higher affinity for alpha1a and alpha1d receptors located on SMC of prostate and urinary bladder --> relaxes smc more than peripheral vessels C= benign prostatic hyperplasia (not hypertension)
10
Q
Sildenafil
A
A= vasoactive agent, vasodilator, PDE5 inhibitor B= elevates i/c levels of the second messenger cGMP by inhibiting its breakdown through blockade of PDE5. Increased cGMP leads to vasodilation (blocks uptake of ca2+) which facilitates generation and maintenance of an erection C= erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension
11
Q
Tadalafil (longer duration of action than Viagra, “weekend pill”)
A
A= vasoactive agent, vasodilator, PDE5 inhibitor B= elevates i/c levels of the second messenger cGMP by inhibiting its breakdown through blockade of PDE5. Increased cGMP leads to vasodilation (blocks uptake of ca2+) which facilitates generation and maintenance of an erection C= erectile dysfunctions
12
Q
Desmopressin
A
A= relatively selective vasopressin receptor agonist, synthetic analogue of ADH B= binds to and agonizes vasopressin2 receptors of the nephrons collecting ducts to decrease excretion of water and on extrarenal V2 receptor to increase factor8 and vwf. C= nocturnal enuresis, control of temporary polyuria and polydipsia following trauma/injury in pituitary region. Pituitary diabetes insipidus, hemophilia A and Von Willebrand disease
13
Q
Allopurinol tab100mg
A
A= uricostatic, xanthine-oxidase inhibitor B= blocks the enzymes (xanthine-oxidase) hat participates in the synthesis of uric acid (from purines) --> decreased amount of uric acid in urine C= primary and secondary goat, recurrent renal calculi, uric acid nephropathy
14
Q
Darifenacin
A
A= tertiary amine, selective m3 muscarinic receptor antagonist B= blocks cholinergic m3 receptors --> blocks ach effects on smooth muscle in urinary bladder --> reduces detrusor muscle tone and spasms C= post-op spasms, urinary incontinence, overactive bladder disorders
