Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the Functions of the respiratory system? (5)
- To supply oxygen to blood and to remove carbon dioxide from blood
- to regulate the acidity of the extracellular fluids of the body
- temperature control
- elimination of water
- voice production (phonation)
What does the Respiratory consist of? (6)
- Lungs
- Nostrils
- Nasal Cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
What are the Nostrils?
The external opening of the air passages
What is the Nasal Cavity?
- It is a cavity in the head that is separated from the mouth by the hard and soft palate.
- It is lined with mucous membrane
What are the functions of the Nasal Cavity? (2)
- To communicate caudally with the Pharynx
2. To warm up the air inspired through the nostrils.
What does the mucous membrane of the caudal part of the nasal cavity contain and what does it do?
It contains the olfactory nerve which mediates one’s sense of smell.
What are the Sinuses?
Air filled cavities from which passages in certain cranial bones open into the nasal cavity.
What sinuses do all farm animals have? (5)
- Maxillary
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Palatine
- Lacrimal (cows and sheep)
What is Sinusitis?
An infection of the sinus
How can sinusitis be contracted? (2)
- If the several upper cheek teeth that project into the maxillary sinus become diseased, the sinus may become infected as a result. (common in horses)
- Dehorning mature cattle opens up the frontal sinus which makes it susceptible to infection.
What is the Pharynx?
The common passage for food and air
What are the openings to the pharynx? (5)
- Two from the nasal cavity
- Two from the middle ears
- The mouth
- The larynx
- The esophagus
What are the names of the parts of the pharynx? what do they contain? (3)
- Nasal Part - Nasal Cavity
- Oral Part - Mouth
- Laryngeal Part - Larynx
What is the Larynx?
The voice box
What are the functions of the Larynx? (3)
- Control of inspiration and expiration of air
- Prevents inhalation of foreign objects
- Essential for voice production
What are the five large cartillages that form the basis of the larynx?
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid body
- Thyroid laminae
- Arytenoid
- Cricoid
Which cartilage is located just behind the base of the tongue?
The epiglottis cartilage
Which cartilage makes up the projection from the ventral aspect of the neck?
The body of the thyroid cartilage
Which cartilage is important in swallowing and phonation?
Arytenoid Cartilage
Which cartilage is associated with snoring and roaring (in horses)?
Cricoid cartilage
What is the Trachea?
- A continuation of the larynx.
- Consists of non-collapsible tube formed by series of adjacent cartilage rings which are incomplete dorsally.
The trachea passes caudal as far as the base of the heart where it divides into two what?
Bronchi - one for each lung
Why are lungs sometimes called lights?
They have a specific gravity that is lower than that of water
The lungs completely fill most of the available space in the thoracic cavity. True or False?
True