Quiz and Midterm Questions Flashcards by Erin Bennett

The peripheral nervous system inculdes and is connected to the central nervous system by the ________ and _________ nerves?

Spinal and Cranial

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The autonomic nervous system can be subdivided into __________ and __________ nervous systems

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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____(1)____ and ____(2)____ are the two different parts of a neuron, transmits impulses away and towards the cell body respectively

Axons

2. Dendrites

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Meninges are coverings of the _______ and _______

brain and spinal cord

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A reflex is an ________ response of and effector organ (muscle, gland) to an appropriate stimulus and each reflex arc involves a chain of at least ________ neurons.

Autonomic

2 (will also accept 3)

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Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes release of epinephrine, which tends to prepare the animal for higher levels of activity. True or False?

True

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Acetyl choline and norepinephrine are two stimulatory neurotransmitters. True or False?

True

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The separation between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord is very distinct. True or False?

False

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Nervous tissue with mostly myelinated nerve fibres appears white. True or False?

True

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Synapse is the junction of the axon of one neuron with another. True or False?

True

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The study of integrated functions of the body and functions of all its parts is called __________?

Physiology

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All living things, animals, plants, and humans are constructed by small units called ________?

Cells

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___________ tissue covers surfaces of the body, line body cavities, and form glands.

Epithelial

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The inner layer of the ventral part of the abdomino-pelvic cavity is called ________?

Peritoneum

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________ separates the ventral cavity of the animal body into thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities.

Diaphram

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List four major types of tissues present in the animal / human body.

Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle

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List four paired organs present in the animal / human body.

Ovaries, Eyes, Kidneys, Ureters, Lungs, etc?

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List four organs forming the male urinary system.

Bladder, Kidneys, Ureters, Penial urethra, Rectum

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List three types of muscles present in the animal / human body.

Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac

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Glands that empty their products via ducts are called _______?

Exocrine

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The fluid part of clotted blood is called _________?

Serum

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Nerve fibres that conduct impulses towards the cell body are called ________?

Dendrites

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Pelvic cavity contains the terminal portion of the digestive system, reproductive system and ___________.

Urinary system

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List three types of cells present in the blood.

Platelets
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells

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List two vital organs present in the thoracic cavity.

1. Lungs | 2. Heart

List four organs present in the abdomino-pelvic cavity.

1. Kidneys 2. Large intestine 3. Small intestine 4. Urethra

List two endocrine glands present in the animal / human body.

Thyroid and Adrenal

List four organs forming the urinary system.

1. Kidneys 2. Ureters 3. Urethra 4. Bladder

List four important functions of the Kidney.

1. Excretion 2. Filtration 3. Reabsorption (Water/pH balance) 4. Homeostasis (Na/K Balance)

List the different parts of the nephron.

1. Proximal convoluted tubule 2. Distal convoluted tubule 3. Glomerulus 4. Glomerular (bowman's) capsule 5. Loop of Henle

Define the term Glomerular filtrate.

The filtrate that results from filtering the plasma as it travels from the glomerulus to the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.

Clearance of _______ is used clinically as a measure of kidney function.

Creatinine

List two hormones involved in renal function.

ADH Aldosterone (??)

____(1)____ is a muscular tube that carries urine from the ____(2)____ of the kidney to the _____(3)_____

1. Ureter 2. Pelvis 3. Bladder

List four diseases associated with the urinary system.

Nephrosis, Nephritis, Uremia, Albuminurea, Urinary Calculi, Cystitis, Pyelitis, Pyelonephritis.

___________ is the major site for reabsorption of filtered fluid.

Proximal convoluted tubule

PHARYNX is a common organ for RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS. Yes or No?

Yes

Cranial means towards the tail. Yes or No?

In animals, rectum is ventral to the uterus and bladder. Yes or No?

Cells that specialize in conducting impulses are called muscular tissue. Yes or No?

Epithelial tissues cover surfaces of the body, line body cavities and form glands. Yes or No?

Yes

Glands that empty their secretions directly into the blood stream are called endocrine glands. Yes or No?

Yes

Connective tissue that is present in the external ear is called hyaline cartilage. Yes or No?

Expelling of waste that are not of use to the body or cell is called secretion. Yes or No?

Diaphragm separates the ventral cavity into the abdomino-pelvic and thoracic cavities. Yes or No?

Yes

The serous membrane that surrounds the heart is called the pleura. Yes or No?

The study of bones that collectively make up the skeletal system is called __________?

Osteology

Important functions of the skeletal system include (5)

1. support 2. protection 3. storage 4. leverage 5. hematopoeisis

List the different types of bones. (5)

1. long 2. short 3. flat 4. sesamoid 5. pneumatic

_________ is a cylindrical shaft of a long bone situated between the two epiphysis

Diaphysis

What is the vertebral formula of a cow?

C7 T13 L6 S5 CD18-20

Formation of bone by deposition of calcium salts in a matrix of osteoid tissue is called _______

Endochondral ossification

__________, __________, ___________, and __________ are bones of the fore limb

humerus, ulna, radius and metacarpals

The floor of the bony thorax is formed by the ___________.

Sternum

List three functions of the skull bones.

1. Protection 2. Support sense organs 3. Passages to respiratory and digestive systems

List four hormones associated with bone growth.

1. Growth hormone 2. Calcitonin 3. Thymus stimulating hormone 4. ??

What two structures make up the central nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord

What are the names of two types of processes of a nerve cell?

Axons and dendrites

How many cranial nerve are there in mammals with well developed brains?

12 pairs

Give two examples of neurotransmitters

Acetyl choline and Norepinephrine

What is a nerve plexus?

collection of nerves supplying the feet and hind limbs

which cranial nerve supplies the heart and other viscera?

The vagus nerve

The part of the hind brain involved in the coordination of voluntary movements is called the ____________?

Medulla oblongata

List 4 hormones involved in female reproduction.

1. LH 2. FSH 3. Progesterone 4. Estrogen

List 2 functions of oxytocin.

1. stimulates release of milk | 2. stimulates contraction of uterus

What are some steroid hormones?

oxytocin | Thyroxin hormone

Lactation is controlled by more than one hormone. List 4 of them.

1. Progesterone 2. Prolactin stimulating hormone 3. Oxytocin 4. Estrogen

Oral administration of steroid hormones leads to destruction of their structure by digestive enzymes. True or False?

False

Iodide is necessary for the synthesis of thyroxin hormone. True or False?

True

Progesterone is produced by the adrenal gland. True or False?

False

Diabetes (high blood sugar) is associated with low levels of insulin. True or False?

True

Receptor sites are on the surface of the cell for steroid hormones. True or False?

False

The presence of ____(1)____ within red blood cells is responsible for its ability to transport ____(2)____ and for the red color of blood.

1. Hemoglobin | 2. Oxygen

Clumping of red blood cells is called __________.

Hemagglutination

_________ are also refered to as thrombocytes and are important for clotting.

Platelets

_________ a plasma protein synthesized in the liver and is also important for clotting

Fibrinogen

Plasma is made of ____(1)____% water and then balance ____(2)____% other substances such as ____(3)____, _____(3)______, _____(3)_____, etc.

1. 89% 2. 11% 3. Proteins, carbohydrates, minerals/vitamins

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the lungs are called ___________.

Pulmonary arteries

___________ arteries supply blood to the heart

coronary

_____________ vein carries oxygenated blood to the growing fetus

Placental or umbilical

Increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood is called __________.

Neutrophilia

List two types of Lymphocytes.

1. T-Lymphocytes | 2. B-Lymphocytes