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APBI 311 > Quiz and Midterm Questions > Flashcards

Quiz and Midterm Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The peripheral nervous system inculdes and is connected to the central nervous system by the ________ and _________ nerves?

A

Spinal and Cranial

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2
Q

The autonomic nervous system can be subdivided into __________ and __________ nervous systems

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

____(1)____ and ____(2)____ are the two different parts of a neuron, transmits impulses away and towards the cell body respectively

A
  1. Axons

2. Dendrites

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4
Q

Meninges are coverings of the _______ and _______

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

A reflex is an ________ response of and effector organ (muscle, gland) to an appropriate stimulus and each reflex arc involves a chain of at least ________ neurons.

A

Autonomic

2 (will also accept 3)

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6
Q

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes release of epinephrine, which tends to prepare the animal for higher levels of activity. True or False?

A

True

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7
Q

Acetyl choline and norepinephrine are two stimulatory neurotransmitters. True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

The separation between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord is very distinct. True or False?

A

False

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9
Q

Nervous tissue with mostly myelinated nerve fibres appears white. True or False?

A

True

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10
Q

Synapse is the junction of the axon of one neuron with another. True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

The study of integrated functions of the body and functions of all its parts is called __________?

A

Physiology

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12
Q

All living things, animals, plants, and humans are constructed by small units called ________?

A

Cells

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13
Q

___________ tissue covers surfaces of the body, line body cavities, and form glands.

A

Epithelial

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14
Q

The inner layer of the ventral part of the abdomino-pelvic cavity is called ________?

A

Peritoneum

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15
Q

________ separates the ventral cavity of the animal body into thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities.

A

Diaphram

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16
Q

List four major types of tissues present in the animal / human body.

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Nerve
  4. Muscle
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17
Q

List four paired organs present in the animal / human body.

A

Ovaries, Eyes, Kidneys, Ureters, Lungs, etc?

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18
Q

List four organs forming the male urinary system.

A

Bladder, Kidneys, Ureters, Penial urethra, Rectum

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19
Q

List three types of muscles present in the animal / human body.

A

Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac

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20
Q

Glands that empty their products via ducts are called _______?

A

Exocrine

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21
Q

The fluid part of clotted blood is called _________?

A

Serum

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22
Q

Nerve fibres that conduct impulses towards the cell body are called ________?

A

Dendrites

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23
Q

Pelvic cavity contains the terminal portion of the digestive system, reproductive system and ___________.

A

Urinary system

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24
Q

List three types of cells present in the blood.

A
  1. Platelets
  2. Red Blood Cells
  3. White Blood Cells
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25
Q

List two vital organs present in the thoracic cavity.

A
  1. Lungs

2. Heart

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26
Q

List four organs present in the abdomino-pelvic cavity.

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Large intestine
  3. Small intestine
  4. Urethra
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27
Q

List two endocrine glands present in the animal / human body.

A

Thyroid and Adrenal

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28
Q

List four organs forming the urinary system.

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Urethra
  4. Bladder
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29
Q

List four important functions of the Kidney.

A
  1. Excretion
  2. Filtration
  3. Reabsorption (Water/pH balance)
  4. Homeostasis (Na/K Balance)
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30
Q

List the different parts of the nephron.

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. Distal convoluted tubule
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Glomerular (bowman’s) capsule
  5. Loop of Henle
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31
Q

Define the term Glomerular filtrate.

A

The filtrate that results from filtering the plasma as it travels from the glomerulus to the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.

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32
Q

Clearance of _______ is used clinically as a measure of kidney function.

A

Creatinine

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33
Q

List two hormones involved in renal function.

A

ADH
Aldosterone
(??)

34
Q

____(1)____ is a muscular tube that carries urine from the ____(2)____ of the kidney to the _____(3)_____

A
  1. Ureter
  2. Pelvis
  3. Bladder
35
Q

List four diseases associated with the urinary system.

A

Nephrosis, Nephritis, Uremia, Albuminurea, Urinary Calculi, Cystitis, Pyelitis, Pyelonephritis.

36
Q

___________ is the major site for reabsorption of filtered fluid.

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

37
Q

PHARYNX is a common organ for RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS. Yes or No?

A

Yes

38
Q

Cranial means towards the tail. Yes or No?

A

No

39
Q

In animals, rectum is ventral to the uterus and bladder. Yes or No?

A

No

40
Q

Cells that specialize in conducting impulses are called muscular tissue. Yes or No?

A

No

41
Q

Epithelial tissues cover surfaces of the body, line body cavities and form glands. Yes or No?

A

Yes

42
Q

Glands that empty their secretions directly into the blood stream are called endocrine glands. Yes or No?

A

Yes

43
Q

Connective tissue that is present in the external ear is called hyaline cartilage. Yes or No?

A

No

44
Q

Expelling of waste that are not of use to the body or cell is called secretion. Yes or No?

A

No

45
Q

Diaphragm separates the ventral cavity into the abdomino-pelvic and thoracic cavities. Yes or No?

A

Yes

46
Q

The serous membrane that surrounds the heart is called the pleura. Yes or No?

A

No

47
Q

The study of bones that collectively make up the skeletal system is called __________?

A

Osteology

48
Q

Important functions of the skeletal system include (5)

A
  1. support
  2. protection
  3. storage
  4. leverage
  5. hematopoeisis
49
Q

List the different types of bones. (5)

A
  1. long
  2. short
  3. flat
  4. sesamoid
  5. pneumatic
50
Q

_________ is a cylindrical shaft of a long bone situated between the two epiphysis

A

Diaphysis

51
Q

What is the vertebral formula of a cow?

A

C7 T13 L6 S5 CD18-20

52
Q

Formation of bone by deposition of calcium salts in a matrix of osteoid tissue is called _______

A

Endochondral ossification

53
Q

__________, __________, ___________, and __________ are bones of the fore limb

A

humerus, ulna, radius and metacarpals

54
Q

The floor of the bony thorax is formed by the ___________.

A

Sternum

55
Q

List three functions of the skull bones.

A
  1. Protection
  2. Support sense organs
  3. Passages to respiratory and digestive systems
56
Q

List four hormones associated with bone growth.

A
  1. Growth hormone
  2. Calcitonin
  3. Thymus stimulating hormone
  4. ??
57
Q

What two structures make up the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

58
Q

What are the names of two types of processes of a nerve cell?

A

Axons and dendrites

59
Q

How many cranial nerve are there in mammals with well developed brains?

A

12 pairs

60
Q

Give two examples of neurotransmitters

A

Acetyl choline and Norepinephrine

61
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

collection of nerves supplying the feet and hind limbs

62
Q

which cranial nerve supplies the heart and other viscera?

A

The vagus nerve

63
Q

The part of the hind brain involved in the coordination of voluntary movements is called the ____________?

A

Medulla oblongata

64
Q

List 4 hormones involved in female reproduction.

A
  1. LH
  2. FSH
  3. Progesterone
  4. Estrogen
65
Q

List 2 functions of oxytocin.

A
  1. stimulates release of milk

2. stimulates contraction of uterus

66
Q

What are some steroid hormones?

A

oxytocin

Thyroxin hormone

67
Q

Lactation is controlled by more than one hormone. List 4 of them.

A
  1. Progesterone
  2. Prolactin stimulating hormone
  3. Oxytocin
  4. Estrogen
68
Q

Oral administration of steroid hormones leads to destruction of their structure by digestive enzymes. True or False?

A

False

69
Q

Iodide is necessary for the synthesis of thyroxin hormone. True or False?

A

True

70
Q

Progesterone is produced by the adrenal gland. True or False?

A

False

71
Q

Diabetes (high blood sugar) is associated with low levels of insulin. True or False?

A

True

72
Q

Receptor sites are on the surface of the cell for steroid hormones. True or False?

A

False

73
Q

The presence of ____(1)____ within red blood cells is responsible for its ability to transport ____(2)____ and for the red color of blood.

A
  1. Hemoglobin

2. Oxygen

74
Q

Clumping of red blood cells is called __________.

A

Hemagglutination

75
Q

_________ are also refered to as thrombocytes and are important for clotting.

A

Platelets

76
Q

_________ a plasma protein synthesized in the liver and is also important for clotting

A

Fibrinogen

77
Q

Plasma is made of ____(1)____% water and then balance ____(2)____% other substances such as ____(3)____, _____(3)______, _____(3)_____, etc.

A
  1. 89%
  2. 11%
  3. Proteins, carbohydrates, minerals/vitamins
78
Q

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the lungs are called ___________.

A

Pulmonary arteries

79
Q

___________ arteries supply blood to the heart

A

coronary

80
Q

_____________ vein carries oxygenated blood to the growing fetus

A

Placental or umbilical

81
Q

Increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood is called __________.

A

Neutrophilia

82
Q

List two types of Lymphocytes.

A
  1. T-Lymphocytes

2. B-Lymphocytes

APBI 311 (5 decks)

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