respiratory system Flashcards
4 functions of respiratory system
- transfer of gases between air and blood
- regulation of body pH
- defense against inhaled pathogens
- vocalization
what are the structures of the upper respiratory tract?
nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx
what are the structures of the lower respiratory tract/thoracic portion?
trachea, 2 primary bronchi, their branched and lungs
lobes in right and left luncg
right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobes
what makes up the thoracic cage?
ribs and spine (sides and the top) and diagphram (floor)
what do the intercostal muscles do
connect 12 pairs of ribs
what do the scalenes and sternocleidomastoids do
run from head and neck to first 2 ribs
what encloses the lungs
pleural sacs which consist of elastic connective tissue and capillaries and there is pleural fluid between two pleural sac membranes
What do the airways do before air enters the internal environment?
- Warms air to 37 C
- Humidifies air to 100%
- Filters air (with nose and respiratory cilia)
what is cilia covered in?
Cilia is covered in saline which allows to cilia to push mucus towards the pharynx
what secretes mucus?
goblet cells
bifurcations in anatomical dead space
1st bifurcation - two main bronchi
2nd -4th bifucation - lobar bronchi
these have cartialage to maintain their shape
5-11th bifurcations - segmental bronchi
12th - 16 bifuracation - terminal bronchi
these are stabilized by bronchiolar muscles
region of gase exchange
primary lobule
when do u start to see alveoli
once u reach the 17th bifurcation
17th bifurcation onwards
approximately 300 million alveoli what have total cross sectional area of 180cm sq. the air velocity is nearly 0.
what allows for elastic recoil in the lungs
area between alveoli whoich sonsits of collagen and elastin (connective tissue)
flow and pressure of blood flow to and from the lungs
high flow (10% of blood) and low pressure 25/8 mm Hg
