neural regulation of breathing Flashcards
whose axons make up the phrenic nerve
phrenic motorneurons
what drives the diaphragm
phrenic nerves
where are phrenic motorneurons found
in the cervical spinal cord segments C3, C4 and C5
Whose axons make up the intercostal nerves
motorneurons
what drives the intercostal muscles
the intercostal nerves
where are the motorneurons found
in the thoracic spinal cord segments T1 to T12
when is the phrenic nerve active
during inspiration
what gets input from the higher brain centers and DRG
the pontine respiratory group
what controls emotional aspects of breathing
pontine respiratory group
what is inside NTS
dorsal respiratory group
what does the ventral respiratory group contain
pre botzinger complex
what is the VRG activated by
pRG
what is the DRG activated by
PRG, sensory input from CN IX, X, medullary chemoreceptors
what does VRG send output to
output to expiratory, and some inspiratory, larynx, pharynx and tongue muscles
what does DRG send output to
output to inspiratory muscles
what do pre motor neurons in the VRG and DRG activate
they activate the respiratory motorneurons (phrenic and intercostal) in the spinal cord
firing patterns in botzinger and pre-botzinger complex
botzinger - mainly during exp
pre botzinger - mainly during insp, some exp
work in feedback
what receives information from the prebotzinger complex
rostral VRG (fires mainly in insp)
eupnea
shallow tidal breathing
sign
in augmentaion
gasping
in depression
what sends signals to reticular formation
emotions through limbic system and sensory stimuli
what does reticular formation send info to
rhythm generator (medulla) and respiratory motorneurons
what sends information to respiratory motorneurons
cough, sneeze, etc (medulla_
voluntary control (motor cortex)
posture (cerebellum)
rhythm generator (medulla)
