respiratory system Flashcards
what are the functions of the respiratory system
carry out breathing process
supply blood with oxygen
exchange gases through inhilation of oxygen and exhalation of co2
what is the airway route
nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bonchi
bronchioles
alveoli
what does the ciliated mucus lining do
acts as cleaning mechanism
traps and wafts bacteria
what happens when you inhale
intercostals contract expanding the rib cage
diaphragm contracts pulling downwards to increase volume of lungs
air is forced in
what happens when you exhale
intercostals relax
diaphragm relaxes decreasing volume of the chest
pressure increases and air is forced out
what happens when inhaling during exercise
external intercostals contract forcefully and muslces around neck and chest contract to increase volume of air entering lungs
when happens when exhaling during exercise
internal intercostals contract to help force air oiut more rapidly
more air enters and exits
what happens during gaseous exchange
oxygen moves down a conc gradient from air in the alveloi diffusing into the RBC throiugh the alveolar wall respratory membrane and capilary wall when it attaches the haemoglobin
co2 does the opposite
only diffuse when their is a conc gradient
factors that allow gaseous exchange at the alveoli
membrane is thin
lots of alveoli
spherical structure and large surface area
diameter is less than RBC so forced through capilary in single file maximising o2 exposure
what happens during gaseous exchange at the muscles
oxygenated blood arrives in tha capillary and gaseous exchange occurs due to their differences in o2 and co2 conc
co2 diffuses into capillary and o2 diffuses into muscle
during exercise the conc gradient is much higher cause mucles are producing more co2
what is tidal volume
volume of air breathed in and out with each normal breath
what is inspiratory reserve volume
maximum volume available for breathing in decreases during exercise
what in expiratory reserve volume
maximum vlume of available for breathing out decreases during exercise
what is residual volume
volume of air that is left in the lungs after a maximal breath out
what are lung capacities
volumes added together
what is vital capacity
maximum volume of air you can breathe in and out (IVR+TV+EVR
what is total lung capacity
the complete volume of air the lungs hold (IVR+TV+EVR+RV)
what are the effects of exercise on breathing rate
o2 levels fall and co2 increases
body responds to this by increasing rate and depth of breathing
shown my changes in minute ventilation
what is minute ventilation
amount of air breathed per minute
minute ventilation equation
TVx breathing rate
minute ventilation at rest
5-8l/min
minute ventilation during exercise
130-180
what happens to blood vessels during exercise
blood vessels close to muscles vasodilate increasing blood flow
increases o2 delivery to muscles and helps haemoglobin release o2 faster in muscle cell
increases energy which increases temperature
what does increase body temp do to muscles
makes them more flexible and pliable or elastic
what does increase body temp do to nerve impulses
speed muscle contraction and relaxation
