long term adaptations to exercise

Question 1

what are the cardiovascular system adaptations due to aerobic training

Answer 1

bradycardia
cardiac hypertrophy
increase stroke volume
increase cardiac output
increase RBC and haemoglobin
increase lactate threshold
improved vasomotor control
decrease risk of hypertension, CHD, atherosclerosis

Question 2

what are the musculoskeletal system adaptations due to aerobic training

Answer 2

increase capitalisation
increase oxygen diffusion rate
increase myoglobin
increase mitochondria
hypertrophy of type 1 and 2a fibres
increase calcium deposits and bone strength
increase synovial fluid reducing joint friction

Question 3

what are the respiratory system adaptations due to aerobic training

Answer 3

increase tidal volume, vital capacity, minute ventilation
increase capitalisation
increase pulmonary diffusion
increase strength of respiratory muscles
increase VO2 max

Question 4

what are the performance gains due to aerobic training

Answer 4

increase anaerobic threshold, conversion of glycogen stores
decrease recovery times
faster lactate removal, replenishment of PC and glycogen stores
faster re saturation of haemoglobin and myglobin of O2
exercise for longer at a higher intensity without delay onset of fatigue

Question 5

what is bradycardia

Answer 5

decrease of resting heart rate

Question 6

what are the cardiovascular system adaptations due to anaerobic training

Answer 6

cardiac hypertrophy
thicker and more elastic myocardium
increase ejection fraction

Question 7

what are the muscoskeletal system adaptations due to anaerobic training

Answer 7

muscle hypertrophy
increase phosphocreatine stores
increase bone density
development of type 2b muslce fibres and utilisation of type 2a
increase motor neuron firing speed
increase speed of contraction

Question 8

what are the performance gains due to anaerobic training

Answer 8

increase lactate threshold
increase force, speed, power, strength
decrease response time and reaction time