health and fitness Flashcards
factors that affect the type of lifestyle we lead
friends and peers
family
economic status
local provision and access to facilities
education
media/role models
what is a sedentary lifestyle
lack of physical exercise
what is obesity caused by
sedentary behaviour and increase calorie intake
positive energy balance
how many people in the uk are obese
64%
what is the number 1 killer in the uk
coronary heart disease
what is CHD
coronary arteries become blocked or start to narrow due to a gradual build up in fatty deposits containing cholsterol
what is atherosclerosis
narrowing of blood vessels increasing blood pressure
(atheroma are the fatty depositis)
what is arteriosclerosis
the hardening of artery walls so there is limited vasodilation and vasoconstriction
what causes a heart attack
piece of atheroma breaks off in cornoary artery it causes a blood clot which results in a blockage
this blocks blood supply to the brain which triggers heart attack
what is a stroke
atheroma breaks off and blocks a capillary in the brain this can cause stroke death and brain injury
what is blood pressure
force of blood exerted onto the vessel walls
how does hypertension occur
atherosclerosis causes blood vessel to narrow causing increase blood pressure
factors leading to high blood pressure
obesity
smoking
lack of sleep
high salt in diet
high fat in diet
when does type 2 diabetes occur
the pancreas doesnt produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood glucose level
what happens is lots of sugar is even over a long period of time
the body become tolerant to the insulin and no longer has an effect on bloog glucose
what does smoking do
cuts life expectancy by 10 years
lead to athersclerosis cancer CHD
what does alchohol do
liver cant cope
physiological and psychological disease
what can drug use cause
psychological- anxiety addiction paranoia
physiological- cancer CHD demetia
what can exercise help
achieve neutral energy balance
increase BMR
control blood glucose
increase bone density
boost self confidence
decrease resting blood pressure
increases HDL and lowerd LDL
what is BMR
the minimum amount of calories the body needs to survive at rest
after exercise BMR is elevated for 5 hours after
