Respiratory system

Question 1

Adenoid

Answer 1

A mass of enlarged lymphatic tissue between the back of the nose and the throat

Question 2

Anoxia

Answer 2

An absence of oxygen

Question 3

Anthracosis

Answer 3

Black discoloration of bronchi from carbon pigment that typically causes deformation and obstruction

Question 4

Aphonia

Answer 4

Inability to speak through disease of or damage to the larynx or mouth

Question 5

Asbestosis

Answer 5

A lung disease resulting from the inhalation of asbestos particles, marked by severe fibrosis and a high risk of mesothelioma

Question 6

Asthma

Answer 6

A respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing

Question 7

Atelectasis

Answer 7

Partial collapse or incomplete inflation of the lungs

Question 8

Bronchiectasis

Answer 8

Abnormal widening of the bronchi or their branches, causing a risk of infection

Question 9

Bronchitis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes, causing bronchospasm and coughing

Question 10

Bronchoscopy

Answer 10

An endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

Question 11

Cheyne Stokes respiration

Answer 11

Type of abnormal breathing characterized by a gradual increase in breathing, then a decrease and period of apnoea

Question 12

Coryza

Answer 12

Catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes in the nose, caused especially by a cold or hay fever

Question 13

Dyspnoea

Answer 13

Difficult or laboured breathing

Question 14

Emphysema

Answer 14

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

Question 15

Epistaxis

Answer 15

Bleeding from the nose

Question 16

Haemoptysis

Answer 16

The coughing up of blood

Question 17

Haemothorax

Answer 17

An accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity

Question 18

Hyperpnoea

Answer 18

An increased volume of air taken during breathing

Question 19

Hypoxia

Answer 19

Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

Question 20

Laryngitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of the larynx, typically resulting in huskiness or loss of voice, harsh breathing and a painful cough

Question 21

Laryngospasm

Answer 21

Uncontrolled or involuntary spasm of the vocal folds

Question 22

Orthopnoea

Answer 22

Shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed

Question 23

Pertussis

Answer 23

A highly contagious airway infection that primarily affects children

Question 24

Pleural effusion

Answer 24

An excessive collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 25

Pleurisy

Answer 25

Inflammation of the pleurae, which impairs their lubricating function and causes pain when breathing

Question 26

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 26

A disease of the lungs due to inhalation of dust, characterised by inflammation, coughing and fibrosis

Question 27

Pneumonia

Answer 27

Lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid

Question 28

Pneumothorax

Answer 28

The presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung

Question 29

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 29

A condition in which one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs gets blocked by a blood clot

Question 30

Rale

Answer 30

An abnormal rattling sound heard when examining unhealthy lungs with a stethoscope

Question 31

Rhinitis

Answer 31

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, caused by a viral infection or an allergic reaction

Question 32

Sinusitis

Answer 32

Inflammation of the nasal sinus

Question 33

Sputum

Answer 33

A mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection

Question 34

Stridor

Answer 34

A high-pitched sound caused by turbulent airflow due to obstruction of the upper respiratory tract

Question 35

Submucous resection

Answer 35

A surgical procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum

Question 36

Tonsil

Answer 36

Either of two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat, one on each side of the root of the tongue

Question 37

Tracheostomy

Answer 37

An incision in the windpipe made to relieve an obstruction to breathing

Question 38

Medulla oblongata

Answer 38

An area of the brain which shares concern for respiratory function with the pons varolii

Question 39

Pons varolii

Answer 39

An area of the brain which shares concern for respiratory function with the medulla oblongata