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Teas > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

To transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body’s cells.

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2
Q

What are the two main processes involved in respiration?

A
  • Breathing (inhaling and exhaling)
  • Ventilation (gas exchange in the lungs)
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3
Q

List the structures of the respiratory system. (12)

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Left bronchus
  • Right bronchus
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
  • Left lung
  • Right lung
  • Diaphragm
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4
Q

What is the trachea?

A

The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs.

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5
Q

True or False: The respiratory system works independently of the circulatory system.

A

False.

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6
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

A

It aids in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of bringing oxygen into the lungs is known as _______.

A

Breathing.

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8
Q

What is the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system?

A

They work interdependently to facilitate gas exchange and transport.

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9
Q

Define ventilation.

A

The exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs.

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10
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

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11
Q

What is diffusion in the context of the respiratory system?

A

The passive transport of gases across the alveolar wall.

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12
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

Small branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli.

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13
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The area between the lungs that contains the heart.

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14
Q

What substance is found in the pleural space?

A

Pleural fluid.

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15
Q

Gpt
What is the first division of the trachea, and where does the air go from there?

A

The trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. Air in the right bronchus goes to the right lung, and air in the left bronchus goes to the left lung.

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16
Q

GPT

What are bronchioles, and what do they lead to?

A

Bronchioles are smaller tubes subdivided from the bronchi. They terminate in alveoli, which are thin-walled structures resembling grape clusters.

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17
Q

GPT

What is the function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

A

Alveoli are the sites of gas exchange, where oxygen is absorbed, and carbon dioxide is released.

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18
Q

Gpt

What is surfactant, and what is its role in the lungs?

A

Surfactant is a lipoprotein released by type II alveolar cells. It reduces the surface tension in alveoli, aiding in gas exchange.

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19
Q

Gpt

Where is the heart located relative to the lungs, and how does this affect lung size?

A

The heart is located in the mediastinum, slightly on the left side, making the right lung larger than the left lung.

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20
Q

Gpt

How many lobes do the right and left lungs have?

A

The right lung has three lobes: superior, middle, and inferior.
The left lung has two lobes: superior and inferior.

21
Q

Gpt

What is the pleura, and what is its function?

A

The pleura is a double membrane surrounding the lungs, containing pleural fluid, which protects the lungs and reduces friction.

22
Q

Gpt

Describe the interaction between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

A

The heart’s pulmonary system sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart for systemic circulation.

23
Q

Gpt

What is gas exchange, and how does it occur in the lungs?

A

Gas exchange occurs by diffusion in the alveoli, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is released into the alveolar air space.

24
Q

Gpt

What factors influence the rate of diffusion in gas exchange? (3)

A

The rate of diffusion increases with a larger surface area, a steeper concentration gradient, and a shorter distance between the blood and alveoli.

25
Q

Gpt

What is the primary function of the respiratory system? (3)

A

The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate gas exchange, supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide.

26
Q

Gpt

What is the role of the capillaries in gas exchange?

A

Capillaries in the circulatory system interact with alveoli in the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

27
Q

Gpt

Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

A

The left lung is smaller to accommodate the heart’s position in the mediastinum.

28
Q

Gpt

What are bronchopulmonary segments?

A

Bronchopulmonary segments are divisions of each lung lobe, each receiving air from its own bronchus and blood from its own artery.

29
Q

Gpt

How do the alveolar ducts contribute to respiration?

A

Alveolar ducts connect bronchioles to alveoli, facilitating the flow of air to the sites of gas exchange.

30
Q

Gpt

What happens to blood as it passes through the lungs?

A

Blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide is oxygenated in the lungs and returned to the heart for systemic circulation.

31
Q

Gpt
How does surfactant improve lung function?

A

Surfactant reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing collapse and allowing efficient gas exchange.

32
Q

Gpt

What is diffusion, and why is it important in the lungs?

A

Diffusion is a passive transport mechanism that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between alveoli and capillaries based on concentration gradients.

33
Q

Gpt

What is the relationship between surface area and the rate of diffusion?

A

A larger surface area increases the rate of diffusion, enhancing gas exchange efficiency.

34
Q

Gpt

Why is the distance between blood cells and alveoli important?

A

A shorter distance between blood cells and alveoli allows for faster diffusion of gases, improving respiratory efficiency.

35
Q

Gpt

During diffusion in the lungs, where do oxygen and carbon dioxide move?

A

Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

36
Q

Gpt

What enables the diffusion of gases in the lungs?

A

The thin alveolar epithelium allows the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the capillaries.

37
Q

Gpt

What causes air to flow into the lungs during inhalation?

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing lung volume and decreasing pressure, drawing air in.

38
Q

Gpt

What is tidal volume?

A

Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs during a normal breath.

39
Q

Gpt

What is residual volume?

A

Residual volume is the small amount of air rich in carbon dioxide that remains trapped in the alveoli after expiration.

40
Q

Gpt

How does the brain regulate breathing?

A

The medulla oblongata monitors carbon dioxide levels and blood pH, adjusting respiration rates to maintain balance.

41
Q

Gpt
What is asthma, and how does it affect the respiratory system?

A

Asthma is a condition where the airways narrow due to swelling or mucus buildup, causing difficulty in breathing and wheezing.

42
Q

Gpt

Name some environmental factors that can damage the lungs. (3)

A

Chemicals, pollen, smoke, and other pollutants can damage lung cilia and cause emphysema, allergies, and inflammation.

43
Q

Gpt

How does influenza affect the respiratory system?

A

Influenza is caused by a virus that infects respiratory cells, leading to mucus buildup, coughing, and pain as the immune system attacks infected cells.

44
Q

Gpt

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

A

The diaphragm contracts to increase lung volume during inhalation and relaxes to decrease lung volume during exhalation.

45
Q

Gpt

What happens when blood pH decreases?

A

When blood pH decreases, respiration rates increase to reduce carbon dioxide levels and restore balance.

46
Q

ATI Manuel question
Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs?
A. Alveoli
B. Heart
C. Trachea
D. Diaphragm

A

D is correct. The diaphragm is a muscle that increases and decreases the volume in the lungs. The trachea and alveoli function in transporting air and gas exchange. The heart is part of the circulatory system.

47
Q

ATI Manuel
Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its function?
A. Alveoli are large to maximize gas exchange
B. The walls the alveoli are thin to increase the rate of diffusion
C. The walls of the alveoli are thick to prevent pressure buildup
D. Alveoli are small to increase the transportation of cells.

A

B is correct. The thin walls decrease the distance between the air and bloodstream, increasing the rate of diffusion. Increasing the distance would decrease the rate of diffusion. Small and numerous alveoli increase the surface area, which increases the rate of diffusion.

48
Q

ATI Manuel
Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?
A. It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to cells all over the body.
B. It involves the inhalation of exhalation of gases into the environment.
C. It exchanges gases between the blood and the air in environment.
D. It maintains proper blood level pH.

A

C is correct. The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. Gas exchange affects the pH of blood, but that is not the primary role of the system. Transporting gases is a role of the circulatory system.

Teas (3 decks)

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