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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To transport blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones throughout the body.

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2
Q

True or False: The heart has four chambers.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The two upper chambers of the heart are called __________.

A

atria

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4
Q

What are the names of the two lower chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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5
Q

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

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6
Q

What is the primary artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

Aorta

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7
Q

True or False: Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

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9
Q

Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen?

A

Red blood cells

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10
Q

What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart?

A

Systole

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11
Q

What is the term for the relaxation phase of the heart?

A

Diastole

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12
Q

What is the main pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood pressure is measured in __________ over __________.

A

millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

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14
Q

What is the normal range for resting heart rate in adults?

A

60 to 100 beats per minute

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15
Q

Which condition is characterized by the hardening and narrowing of the arteries?

A

Atherosclerosis

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16
Q

What is the role of the valves in the heart?

A

To prevent the backflow of blood.

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17
Q

True or False: The pulmonary circulation carries blood to and from the lungs.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?

A

To supply blood to the heart muscle.

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19
Q

What type of blood vessel has the thinnest walls?

A

Capillaries

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20
Q

What is the function of plasma in blood? (4)

A

To transport nutrients, hormones, proteins, and waste products.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The heart is located in the __________ cavity.

A

thoracic

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22
Q

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

A

To fight infections and provide immune defense.

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23
Q

Which heart valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Mitral valve

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24
Q

What does ECG stand for?

A

Electrocardiogram

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25
Q

True or False: The right side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

A

False

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26
Q

What is the term for the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute?

A

Cardiac output

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: The condition known as hypertension refers to __________ blood pressure.

A

high

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28
Q

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

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29
Q

True or False: The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.

A

True

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The two main components of the cardiovascular system are the heart and _______.

A

blood vessels

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31
Q

What are the two types of circulation in the cardiovascular system?

A

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

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32
Q

Multiple Choice: Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

A

Left atrium

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33
Q

What is the function of valves in the heart?

A

To prevent the backflow of blood.

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34
Q

True or False: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

A

True

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35
Q

Fill in the blank: The largest artery in the body is the _______.

A

aorta

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36
Q

What is the role of red blood cells in the cardiovascular system?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

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37
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel is responsible for nutrient and gas exchange?

A

Capillaries

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38
Q

What is the normal range for resting heart rate in adults?

A

60 to 100 beats per minute.

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39
Q

True or False: Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

A

True

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40
Q

Fill in the blank: The heart is divided into four chambers: two atria and two _______.

A

ventricles

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41
Q

What is the name of the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node.

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42
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

A

Right ventricle

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43
Q

What is hypertension?

A

A condition characterized by consistently high blood pressure.

44
Q

True or False: The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood pressure is measured in:

A

millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

46
Q

What is the function of plasma in the blood?

A

To transport nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

47
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel has the thickest walls?

48
Q

What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart cycle?

49
Q

True or False: The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: The main function of white blood cells is to _______.

A

fight infection

51
Q

What is the significance of the coronary arteries?

A

They supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

52
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries?

A

Atherosclerosis

53
Q

What is the primary role of platelets in the blood?

A

To aid in blood clotting.

54
Q

True or False: The cardiovascular system has no role in regulating body temperature.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The two main types of circulation are _______ and _______.

A

pulmonary and systemic

56
Q

What is the purpose of the pulmonary artery?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

57
Q

Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate?

A

Adrenaline

58
Q

What is the relationship between heart rate and exercise?

A

Heart rate increases with exercise to supply more oxygen to the muscles.

59
Q

True or False: Blood flows from the atria to the ventricles during diastole.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the part of the heart that separates the left and right sides.

61
Q

What is ischemia?

A

A restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen.

62
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of heart disease?

A

Chest pain

63
Q

What is the primary function of the aorta?

A

To distribute oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

64
Q

True or False: The cardiovascular system is responsible for immune responses.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ system works closely with the cardiovascular system to transport lymph.

66
Q

What does ECG stand for?

A

Electrocardiogram

67
Q

Multiple Choice: What does an ECG measure?

A

The electrical activity of the heart

68
Q

What is the role of the right atrium?

A

To receive deoxygenated blood from the body.

69
Q

True or False: Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood flow is regulated by the _______ system.

71
Q

What is the function of the pericardium?

A

To protect and lubricate the heart.

72
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel helps regulate blood pressure?

A

Arterioles

73
Q

What is congestive heart failure?

A

A condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow.

74
Q

True or False: The left atrium receives blood from the body.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ node is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses to the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular (AV)

76
Q

What is the primary role of the inferior vena cava?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

77
Q

Multiple Choice: What is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A

High cholesterol

78
Q

What is the term for the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute?

A

What is the term for the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute?

79
Q

True or False: The heart has its own electrical conduction system.

A

True or False:

80
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the outermost layer of the heart.

A

epicardium

81
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary veins?

A

To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

82
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the body?

A

Left ventricle

83
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

A heart attack caused by the blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.

84
Q

True or False: Blood type is determined by the presence of antigens on red blood cells.

85
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the inner layer of the heart that lines its chambers.

A

endocardium

86
Q

What is the significance of the sinoatrial node?

A

It initiates the heartbeat and sets the pace for the heart rate.

87
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary purpose of the cardiovascular system?

A

To transport substances throughout the body.

88
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A medical condition where blood flow to the brain is interrupted.

89
Q

True or False: The right ventricle pumps blood to the body.

90
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the muscle layer of the heart.

A

myocardium

91
Q

What is the function of the carotid arteries?

A

To supply blood to the brain.

92
Q

Multiple Choice: Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

93
Q

What is the purpose of a stethoscope?

A

To listen to the sounds of the heart and lungs.

94
Q

True or False: Blood always flows in one direction through the heart.

95
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the main vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

A

superior vena cava

96
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?

A

To return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

97
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by irregular heartbeats?

A

Arrhythmia

98
Q

What is the primary function of the valves in veins?

A

To prevent backflow of blood.

99
Q

True or False: Atherosclerosis can lead to heart attack and stroke.

100
Q

Fill in the blank: The cardiovascular system is crucial for maintaining _______ in the body.

A

homeostasis

101
Q

What is the significance of blood type compatibility in transfusions?

A

Incompatible blood types can cause serious immune reactions.

102
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Producing hormones

103
Q

What does the term ‘cardiovascular endurance’ refer to?

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.

104
Q

True or False: The heart can function independently of the nervous system.

105
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network of vessels that carries lymph fluid.

A

lymphatic system

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