respiratory system Flashcards
paranasal sinuses
a cavity bone surrounding the nose, and it lightens the skull, increases surface area for the air to be cleaned, moisturized and warmed.
conchae
makes sure the air stays in the nasal cavity for a long time
the floor of the cavity is made up of
soft and hard palates
the roof of the cavity is made up of
ethmoid and sphenoid bones
zones of the respiratory system
conduction zones, respiratory zone, oral cavity and nasal cavity
conduction zone
where the air is cleaned, warmed and moisturized, and it has the respiratory epithelium
respiratory zone
the site for gas exchange, and it has the simple squamous
nasal cavity
the one for the sense of smell (olfaction), and it has the olfactory mucosa
oral cavity
the passageway for food and air, it has the stratified squamous
structures of the respiratory system
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles and the alveoli
the respiratory epithelium
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with some goblet cells
it has some cilia for movement patterns in different environments.
goblet cells foe the production of mucus which is used for protection
it has the basal cells located in the basement membrane.
it also has lamina propria which has a lot of blood vessels.
regions of the pharynx also known as the throat
nasopharynx, laryngopharynx and oropharynx
nasopharynx
passage for air only, it is posterior to the nasal cavity. it has some auditory tubes that drain in the middle ear, and some pharyngeal tonsils on the posterior walls. it has three types of tonsils - pharyngeal, lingual and palatine
oropharynx
passageway for food and air. has the stratified squamous epithelium, for protection against abrasion. located posterior to the oral cavity. it covers the soft palate and the hyoid bone
laryngopharynx
for food and air and it has the stratified squamous too. food has the right of way in this region of pharynx.
(LRT)lower respiratory tract structures
larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole and alveoli. they conduct air to/from the gas exchange site. it provides a barrier between air and blood for a larger surface area.
epiglottis
closes over the airway when swallowing food, the glottis is the voice box, and has folds attached to the cartilages.
vocal folds
these are the true vocal cords, causing vibrations and used for normal phonation.
vestibular folds
these are the false vocal cords, produces deep sounds and voices, and prevents foreign things to go in the glottis.
trachea
it is anterior to the esophagus, and it maintains the patent airway. it has C-shapes that surrounds it but are not connected because this then provides flexibility and movement for the trachea. it allows the trachea to expand accommodating changes in airflow.
mucociliary in the trachea
this removes debris by taking it down into the pharynx for it to be swallowed and digested. the cilia moves mucus to pharynx
lungs
it has 2 left lobes and 3 right lobes. it has a hilum where the bronchi and blood vessels enter through
lungs positions
apex - superior region
base - inferior region
costal surface - lateral region
pneumocytes
lung epithelial cells, and they have 2 different types of epithelia. They have the type 1 squamous and the type 2 cuboidal epithelium
